Brief review of the clinical effectiveness of PREVENAR® against otitis media

Fletcher, Mark A.; Fritzell, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.027

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We fully agree with the reviewer regarding the limitations of this study, and that is why we have explicitly mentioned them in the discussion and also in the Abstract (see comment 1,2) Acknowledgements Medical writing support for this manuscript was provided by Prasad Kulkarni of Excerpta Medica (Bridgewater, NJ), and was funded by Wyeth, which was acquired by Pfizer Inc in October 2009.…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

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Serotype distribution in pneumococcal acute otitis media with ruptured tympanic membrane or sepsis in Germany

Linden

Reinert

2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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International audienceThis retrospective analysis examined the pneumococcal serotype distribution of acute otitis media in Germany from 1995 to 2007. Data from the German National Reference Centre for Streptococci included 512 cases of pneumococcal otitis media in children and adults. Infections were mainly seen in children aged <5 years, who represented 67.0% of all reported cases. Most isolates (86.7%) were from spontaneous ruptures of the tympanum; 11.1% of the isolates were from otogenic sepsis or meningitis. Serotype 19F was the leading serotype (21.5%); serotype 3 (13.9%) was also often encountered. In children aged <5 years, the 7-valent, 10-valent, and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines covered 54.3%, 60.2%, and 84.6% of the serotypes, respectively. Reduced penicillin susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥0.1 mg/l) was seen in 11.0% of strains; 22.4% of strains were resistant to macrolides. Although based on a very limited selection of acute otitis media isolates, this analysis provides an estimate of the pneumococcal serotypes responsible for otitis media in Germany and underscores the need for future prospective studies

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supporting

confidence: 52%

“…Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen in cases of acute otitis media (AOM), along with Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis [1]. Of these three organisms, S. pneumoniae has been associated with more severe AOM signs and symptoms, greater virulence, and more complications [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotype distribution in pneumococcal acute otitis media with ruptured tympanic membrane or sepsis in Germany

Linden

Reinert

2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…S. pneumoniae may cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), such as bacteremic pneumonia and meningitis, as well as noninvasive pneumococcal disease (NIPD) like otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, and nonbacteremic pneumonia. Irrespective of being less severe, NIPDs have a great impact on public health: nearly every child has experienced an episode of AOM by the age of 2 years [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial spectrum of spontaneously ruptured otitis media in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Germany

Linden

Imöhl

Busse³

et al. 2014

Eur J Pediatr

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“…Streptococcus pneumoniae is a main determinant of respiratory tract infections, such as otitis media, sinusitis, and community-acquired pneumonia, and is also responsible for invasive diseases, such as bacteremic pneumonia and meningitis (16,17,30,43,46,50,55). Nonetheless, pneumococci are normal components of the human commensal flora, asymptomatically colonizing the upper respiratory tracts of both children and healthy adults.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Two Variants of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Pilus 1 RrgA Adhesin Retain the Same Function and Elicit Cross-Protection In Vivo

et al. 2010

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Thirty percent of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates contain pilus islet 1, coding for a pilus composed of the backbone subunit RrgB and two ancillary proteins, RrgA and RrgC. RrgA is the major determinant of in vitro adhesion associated with pilus 1, is protective in vivo in mouse models, and exists in two variants (clades I and II). Mapping of the sequence variability onto the RrgA structure predicted from X-ray data showed that the diversity was restricted to the "head" of the protein, which contains the putative binding domains, whereas the elongated "stalk" was mostly conserved. To investigate whether this variability could influence the adhesive capacity of RrgA and to map the regions important for binding, two full-length protein variants and three recombinant RrgA portions were tested for adhesion to lung epithelial cells and to purified extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The two RrgA variants displayed similar binding abilities, whereas none of the recombinant fragments adhered at levels comparable to those of the full-length protein, suggesting that proper folding and structural arrangement are crucial to retain protein functionality. Furthermore, the two RrgA variants were shown to be cross-reactive in vitro and cross-protective in vivo in a murine model of passive immunization. Taken together, these data indicate that the region implicated in adhesion and the functional epitopes responsible for the protective ability of RrgA may be conserved and that the considerable level of variation found within the "head" domain of RrgA may have been generated by immunologic pressure without impairing the functional integrity of the pilus.

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Brief review of the clinical effectiveness of PREVENAR® against otitis media

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Serotype distribution in pneumococcal acute otitis media with ruptured tympanic membrane or sepsis in Germany

Serotype distribution in pneumococcal acute otitis media with ruptured tympanic membrane or sepsis in Germany

Bacterial spectrum of spontaneously ruptured otitis media in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Germany

The Two Variants of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Pilus 1 RrgA Adhesin Retain the Same Function and Elicit Cross-Protection In Vivo

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