Brief review of the mRNA vaccines COVID-19

Vitiello, Antonio; Ferrara, Francesco

doi:10.1007/s10787-021-00811-0

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been rapidly developed in order to limit the further spread of the virus and curb COVID-19 morbidity and mortality [6,7]. Overall, COVID-19 vaccines, by different mechanisms, induce innate and adaptive immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Antibodies after COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: The evaluation of anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) antibodies represents a useful tool to estimate the individual protection against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; (2) Methods: We evaluated anti S-RBD IgG levels by indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay on Maglumi 800 (SNIBE, California) in 2248 vaccinated subjects without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, 91 vaccinated individuals recovered from COVID-19, and 268 individuals recovered from COVID-19 who had not been vaccinated. Among those who were healthy and vaccinated, 352 subjects performed a re-dosing after about 72 days from the first measurement. (3) Results: Anti S-RBD IgG levels were lower in subjects with previous infection than vaccinated subjects, with or without previous infection (p < 0.001). No difference was observed between vaccinated subjects, with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, anti-RBD IgG levels were higher in females than males (2110 vs. 1341 BAU/mL; p < 0.001) as well as in subjects with symptoms after vaccination than asymptomatic ones (2085 vs. 1332 BAU/mL; p = 0.001) and lower in older than younger subjects. Finally, a significant decrease in anti-RBD IgG levels was observed within a short period from a complete two-dose cycle vaccination. (4) Conclusions: Our results show an efficacy antibody response after vaccination with age-, time- and sex-related differences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Antibodies after COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine

et al. 2021

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“…COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) continues to endanger socioeconomic and healthcare systems worldwide, with a fluctuating course taking a steep rise after the evolution of the delta variant [1]. A vaccine production race took place globally to counter the growing impact of the pandemic [2,3]. Up to the beginning of August 2021, 4.14 billion doses of vaccine were given worldwide, and 1.14 billion (14.6% of the world's population) are labeled fully vaccinated [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm: A Comparative Study on Post-Vaccination Antibody Titers

et al. 2021

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COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccines induce immunity through different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to compare the titers of specific antibodies in subjects vaccinated with either the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine or the Sinopharm vaccine. This prospective observational cohort included Jordanian adults vaccinated with two doses, 21 days apart, of either of the two aforementioned vaccines. Titers were collected 6 weeks after the administration of the second dose. Overall, 288 participants were included, of which 141 were administered the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, while 147 were administered the Sinopharm vaccine. Remarkably, 140 (99.3%) of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients had positive IgG titers, while 126 (85.7%) of Sinopharm recipients had positive IgG (p < 0.001). The mean titer for IgG among Pfizer-BioNTech recipients was 515.5 ± 1143.5 BAU/mL, compared to 170.0 ± 230.0 BAU/mL among Sinopharm subjects (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine positively correlated with positive IgG titers (OR: 25.25; 95% CI: 3.25–196.15; p = 0.002), compared with a negative effect of cardiovascular diseases (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11–0.99; p = 0.48) on IgG titers. In conclusion, fully vaccinated recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had superior quantitative efficiency compared to Sinopharm recipients. A booster dose is supported for Sinopharm recipients, or those with chronic immunosuppressive diseases.

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“…For a pandemic like COVID-19, vaccines are now the only powerful weapons available to stop the rapid advance of the COVID-19 pandemic [ 127 ]. The current scenario is dynamic, and there are a number of significant unknowns.…”

Section: Potential Therapeutic Agents and Vaccine Strategies For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) are vehicles of choice because these vehicles ensure the safety and integrity of the mRNA during manufacturing and transportation [ 27 ]. Upon entry into the cytosol, the mRNA is translated into the S protein, and an immune response is triggered when the protein enters the circulation [ 127 ]. Studies suggest that such vaccines are highly effective and safe for individuals over 16 years of age and hence provide the only most effective tool for the battle against COVID-19 [ 134 ].…”

Section: Potential Therapeutic Agents and Vaccine Strategies For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules

et al. 2021

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Mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 continue to be significantly high worldwide, owing to the absence of effective treatment strategies. The emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is also a considerable source of concern and has led to challenges in the development of better prevention and treatment strategies, including vaccines. Immune dysregulation due to pro-inflammatory mediators has worsened the situation in COVID-19 patients. Inflammasomes play a critical role in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and their activation is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment using different approaches are currently underway. Targeting different inflammasomes to reduce the cytokine storm, and its associated complications, in COVID-19 patients is a new area of research. Non-coding RNAs, targeting inflammasome activation, may serve as an effective treatment strategy. However, the efficacy of these therapeutic agents is highly dependent on the delivery system. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in conjunction with an efficient delivery vehicle, present a potential strategy for regulating NLRP3 activity through various RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms. In this regard, the use of nanomaterials and other vehicle types for the delivery of RNAi-based therapeutic molecules for COVID-19 may serve as a novel approach for enhancing drug efficacy. The present review briefly summarizes immune dysregulation and its consequences, the roles of different non-coding RNAs in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, distinct types of vectors for their delivery, and potential therapeutic targets of microRNA for treatment of COVID-19.

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Brief review of the mRNA vaccines COVID-19

Cited by 54 publications

References 52 publications

Evaluation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Antibodies after COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine

Evaluation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Antibodies after COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine

Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm: A Comparative Study on Post-Vaccination Antibody Titers

Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules

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