“…This concept can be expanded to some major public owners, like the National Health Service (NHS) and even the government for strategic projects, which should become strong owners and participate actively throughout the delivery process to guarantee its own interest and decrease the number of unsuccessful projects. The literature presents several names to classify this type of owner, which is often still called by the term 'client': strong owner (Morris and Hough, 1987;Porter, 1998;Swarup, Korkmaz, and Riley, 2012;Winch and Leiringer, 2016), sophisticated owner (Lovejoy and Mortensen, 1989), influential owner (Cox and Ireland, 2006), capable owner (Long, Ogunlana, Quang, and Lam, 2004;Merrow, 2011) , intelligent client (Airtua, Male, andBower, 2009;Airtua, Male, Bower, and Madter, 2011;Emuze and Smallwood, 2011;Madter and Bower, 2015;Laryea and Watermeyer, 2016), sophisticated client (Higgin and Jessop, 1965;Loosemore and Richard, 2015), pluralistic client (Cherns and Bryant, 1984;Green, 1996;Thompson, 2011), continuing client (Hillebarndt, 1984Wu, Kumaraswamy, and Soo, 2011), informed client (Elston, 1992;Smith, 1994), experienced client (Masterman and Gameson, 1994), large ongoing portfolio client (Blismas, Sher, Thorpe, and Baldwin, 2004), progressive client (Tah, 2005), active client (Sturdy and Wright, 2011), and capable client (Denicol, 2020a).…”