Bright and fast scintillation of organolead perovskite MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> at low temperatures

Mykhaylyk, Vitaliy; Kraus, H.; Saliba, Michael

doi:10.1039/c9mh00281b

Cited by 120 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Conventional scintillators, such as thallium-doped caesium iodide (CsI:Tl) 16,17 and cerium-doped lutetium−aluminium garnet (LuAG:Ce) 18 , usually require expensive and time-consuming synthesis, which poses a major challenge for device processability. Unlike conventional scintillator materials, the emerging lead halide perovskites for X-ray detectors are starting to show attractive merits of facile fabrication, fast response and good spatial resolution [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . However, the relatively low X-ray light yield, lead toxicity [27][28][29] and instability greatly limit their applications in high-end X-ray imaging featuring low-dose exposure, hazard-free manufacturing, real-time monitoring and robustness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators

et al. 2020

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X-rays are widely used in probing inside information nondestructively, enabling broad applications in the medical radiography and electronic industries. X-ray imaging based on emerging lead halide perovskite scintillators has received extensive attention recently. However, the strong self-absorption, relatively low light yield and lead toxicity of these perovskites restrict their practical applications. Here, we report a series of nontoxic double-perovskite scintillators of Cs 2 Ag 0.6 Na 0.4 In 1-y Bi y Cl 6. By controlling the content of the heavy atom Bi 3+ , the X-ray absorption coefficient, radiative emission efficiency, light yield and light decay were manipulated to maximise the scintillator performance. A light yield of up to 39,000 ± 7000 photons/MeV for Cs 2 Ag 0.6 Na 0.4 In 0.85 Bi 0.15 Cl 6 was obtained, which is much higher than that for the previously reported lead halide perovskite colloidal CsPbBr 3 (21,000 photons/MeV). The large Stokes shift between the radioluminescence (RL) and absorption spectra benefiting from self-trapped excitons (STEs) led to a negligible selfabsorption effect. Given the high light output and fast light decay of this scintillator, static X-ray imaging was attained under an extremely low dose of ∼1 μGy air , and dynamic X-ray imaging of finger bending without a ghosting effect was demonstrated under a low-dose rate of 47.2 μGy air s −1. After thermal treatment at 85°C for 50 h followed by X-ray irradiation for 50 h in ambient air, the scintillator performance in terms of the RL intensity and X-ray image quality remained almost unchanged. Our results shed light on exploring highly competitive scintillators beyond the scope of lead halide perovskites, not only for avoiding toxicity but also for better performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators

et al. 2020

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“…Recently, lead halide perovskites, such as CsPbBr 3 and MAPbBr 3 , have been demonstrated in direct X-ray imaging, owing to their strong X-ray absorption and efficient conversion to charge carriers [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . X-ray scintillators have also been developed using highly emissive metal halide perovskite nanocrystals [21][22][23][24][25][26] . However, the toxicity of lead in these halide perovskites might limit their potential commercial applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

et al. 2020

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Scintillation based X-ray detection has received great attention for its application in a wide range of areas from security to healthcare. Here, we report highly efficient X-ray scintillators with stateof-the-art performance based on an organic metal halide, ethylenebis-triphenylphosphonium manganese (II) bromide ((C 38 H 34 P 2)MnBr 4), which can be prepared using a facile solution growth method at room temperature to form inch sized single crystals. This zero-dimensional organic metal halide hybrid exhibits green emission peaked at 517 nm with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of~95%. Its X-ray scintillation properties are characterized with an excellent linear response to X-ray dose rate, a high light yield of~80,000 photon MeV −1 , and a low detection limit of 72.8 nGy s −1. X-ray imaging tests show that scintillators based on (C 38 H 34 P 2)MnBr 4 powders provide an excellent visualization tool for X-ray radiography, and high resolution flexible scintillators can be fabricated by blending (C 38 H 34 P 2)MnBr 4 powders with polydimethylsiloxane.

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“…In case of perovskites, lower defect states with less charge traps, especially for single crystals endowed with smooth grain boundaries, Figure 4. In addition, between the multicomponent perovskite semiconductors, [52] MAPbBr 3 crystal exhibits a very fast and intense scintillation response, reported by Mykhaylyk et al [53] At 77 K the fast and slow components of the decay were found to be $ 0.1 ns and 1 ns, respectively. The MAPbI 3 wafer is 1 mm thick.…”

Section: X-ray and C-ray Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In such cases, a pertinent strategy to increase the µ-s product, bulk resistivity would be chemical doping (see Figure 4c,d). In addition, between the multicomponent perovskite semiconductors, [52] MAPbBr 3 crystal exhibits a very fast and intense scintillation response, reported by Mykhaylyk et al [53] At 77 K the fast and slow components of the decay were found to be $ 0.1 ns and 1 ns, respectively. The light yield of MAPbBr 3 was estimated as 90000 AE 18000 ph MeV À1 at 77 K and 116000 AE 23000 ph MeV À1 at 8 K. This finding underpins the potential of organic-inorganic trihalide perovskites for novel detector applications that rely on the fast timing of scintillation detectors at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: X-ray and C-ray Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Perovskites for Laser and Detector Applications

Das

Gholipour

Saliba

2019

Energy & Environ Materials

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Formally, perovskites have an ABX 3 structure where the A-site ion occupies a central cavity enclosed by corner shared octahedral BX 6 moieties forming a cubic crystal structure. Because of the formal stoichiometry requirement, that is, q A + q B = 3q X (q X is the charge of ion X), only certain elements are allowed to act as the X-site ion in the perovskites crystal structure. [1] Usually, the most common are the oxides with X = O (e.g., CaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , and KTaO 3 ) or the halides with X = F, Cl, Br, or I. To fit into an ideal cubic perovskite, the A-site cation has to be larger than B-site and thus specific size conditions need to be satisfied. This size requirement, as well as structural stability, is captured by the so-called Goldschmidt's tolerance factor (GTF) (t ¼ rAþrX ffiffi 2 p ðrBþrXÞ ) [2] along with the octahedral factor (l ¼ rB rX ), [3] where r X simply refers to the radius of the ion X. For an ideal cubic crystal structure, as in many 3D halide perovskites, the conditions 0.8 ≤ t ≤1 and 0.44 ≤ µ ≤ 0.90 need to be satisfied. For an ideal 3D perovskite structure, a t-value of 1 is desired and within the allowed range between 0.8 and 1, tilting of the BX 6 octahedra is noted , leading to a quasi-ideal perovskite structure. Contrarily, t-values larger than 1 or lower than 0.8 lead to formation of hexagonal and non-cubic structures, respectively. [4,5] This model determining geometry, shape, and size of crystal motifs is particularly applicable for fluorides and oxides because of their high electronegativities making the nature of their bonding increasingly ionic. [6] However, deviation from tolerance factor has been observed for many metal-organic framework-based perovskites (e.g., ABX 3 formats) [7] or ammonium halide perovskites with A-cation larger than methyl or formamidinium. [7,8] The pertinent reason in such cases is that r X cannot be clearly defined for the covalently bonded organic moieties in the perovskite framework. The tolerance factors have been thus revised using Kieslich model of effective ionic radii, [7] and molecular globularity model by Gholipour et al. [8] The ammonium halide-based hybrid perovskites mentioned above dispose into tunable structures, phases, dimensionalities, and morphologies (see Figure 1). Generally, a perovskite unit cells can multiply forming double perovskites like Ba 2 CaTeO 6 and Sr 2 FeMoO 6[9] or triple perovskites, [10] for example, Ba 2 KNaTe 2 O 9 or anti-perovskites [11] (see Panel A, Figure 1). In addition, perovskites can dispose into layered phases constituting 2D BX 6 octahedra with interspersed cations forming the so-called Ruddlesden-Popper, [12] Aurivillius, [13] and Dion-Jacobson phases [14] (see Panel A, Figure 1). For a structural configuration (RNH 3 ) 2 A n À 1 B n X 3n + 1 where R is an organic group, the perovskite dimensionalities are dictated by integer values of n which represents the number of inorganic layers enveloped by organic cations. [5,15] An nvalue of 1 yields pure 2D perovskites, and n-value of 1 gives 3D perovskites wh...

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Bright and fast scintillation of organolead perovskite MAPbBr₃ at low temperatures

Cited by 120 publications

References 53 publications

Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators

Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators

Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

Perovskites for Laser and Detector Applications

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Bright and fast scintillation of organolead perovskite MAPbBr3 at low temperatures

Cited by 120 publications

References 53 publications

Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators

Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators

Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

Perovskites for Laser and Detector Applications

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Product

Resources

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Bright and fast scintillation of organolead perovskite MAPbBr₃ at low temperatures