Bright single photon emitters with enhanced quantum efficiency in a two-dimensional semiconductor coupled with dielectric nano-antennas

Sortino, Luca; Zotev, Panaiot G.; Phillips, Catherine L.; Brash, Alistair J.; Cambiasso, Javier; Marensi, Elena; Fox, A. M.; Maier, Stefan A.; Sapienza, Riccardo; Tartakovskii, A. I.

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26262-3

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…The second field is coupling TMD emitters into external waveguides for optoelectronic applications. [40,[60][61][62][63][64] It is crucial to accurately position the emitters with deterministic wavelengths for scalable and on-chip integration of photonic devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic and Scalable Generation of Exciton Emitters in 2D Semiconductor Nanodisks

Feng

Zou

Cong

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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valley coupling with the carrier spin, [1][2][3][4] robust exciton and trion emission [5] sensitive to biochemical molecular doping, [6,7] many-body [8,9] and valley [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] physics, and great potential in optoelectronic applications for novel photodetector, [17] electroluminescence light source, [18,19] and lasers. [20] Furthermore, single-photon emitters [21][22][23][24] were found in the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors, which could serve as a cornerstone for quantum information and communication applications in the visible to near infrared region. [25] Up to date the precise nature of these TMD emitters is still under debate and requires further experimental investigation. Generally, these emitters are attributed to excitons trapped in defectinduced potentials which can be tuned by strain gradient and defect engineering. [26] However, dilute quantum emitters exhibiting narrow photoluminescence (PL) peaks were found in these TMDs and their peak wavelengths were diversely distributed across the broad spectral region. The other candidate for 2D quantum emitter is the twisted TMD heterostructure (i.e., two different TMD monolayers stacked together) with interlayer excitons trapped in periodic Moiré potentials, [27,28] which can be regarded as programmable quantum emitter arrays. [29,30] In recent cryogenic measurements, narrow photoluminescence (PL) peaks due to diverse quantum emitters have been found at random locations of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which impedes precise optoelectronic applications. Thus, it is of great importance to truly regulate these localized exciton emissions by deterministic spatial and spectral control. Here, such desired emission is primarily demonstrated in monolayer WS 2 nanodisks. The size-dependent PL studies indicate the clear evolution from the broad defect-band emission to a set of spectrally isolated narrow peaks (linewidth of ≈ sub nm) at 4.2 K, which is associated with the prevailing effect of edge defects with the shrinkage of the disk diameter, providing a narrow emission energy range for bound excitons. When the disk diameter is reduced to 300 nm, more than 80% of emitter peaks are located between 610 and 616 nm, verifying the effective control of emission wavelength of these photon emitters. Furthermore, the strategy is extended to prepare scalable WS 2 nanodisk arrays based on flakes of hundreds of µm, and size-dependent narrow emissions of WSe 2 nanodisks are testified. This work develops a defect-engineering strategy to generate localized exciton emitters toward the promising TMD-based optoelectronic applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic and Scalable Generation of Exciton Emitters in 2D Semiconductor Nanodisks

Feng

Zou

Cong

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…These methods of controlling the emission properties of single photon sources may prove useful for WSe 2 SPEs which form at high strain gradients in monolayers transferred onto dimer nanoantennas collocated with the electric field hotspots [53]. Previous reports have shown quantum efficiency enhancement for WSe 2 SPEs [11] as well as rotation of the emitter dipole moment due to a change in the strain gradient [54] both of which can be controlled through a decrease in separation and a rotation of individual nano-pillars in the dimer nano-antenna through AFM repositioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn large scientific and technological interest in the past decade since the discovery of a direct band gap in monolayers due to quantum confinement effects [1], which in conjunction with reduced dielectric screening led to strongly bound excitons [2]. These layered materials found their way to research involving integration with nano-photonic structures such as plasmonic and dielectric cavities to realize both weak and strong coupling [3][4][5][6][7], low-threshold lasing [8], Purcell [9,10] and quantum efficiency enhancement [11] of single photon emitters (SPEs) in WSe 2 as well as coupling to collective resonances such as in periodic structures [12,13]. In these studies, the use of TMDs was limited to single and few-layer samples focusing on coupling emitted light from the material to resonances and cavity modes in different material systems [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Transition metal dichalcogenide dimer nano-antennas with ultra-small gaps

Zotev¹,

Wang²,

Sortino³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Covering the nanoantennas with WSe 2 leads to the activation of SPEs coupled to the optical mode, which is found to enhance the PL by a factor of 10 2 to 10 4 compared to strain activated SPEs by a low-refractive-index SiO 2 nanopillar. [140] Plasmonic nanostructures concentrate light to subwavelength dimensions and are therefore well suited to efficiently couple SPEs to propagating light fields. Already a rough metallic surface coated with a thin 3 nm dielectric Al 2 O 3 layer can serve as a platform to activate SPEs in WSe 2 due to strain and significantly reduce their PL decay times due to the presence of the plasmonic structure.…”

Section: Coupling To Resonant Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covering the nanoantennas with

{WSe}_{2}

leads to the activation of SPEs coupled to the optical mode, which is found to enhance the PL by a factor of

10^{2}

10^{4}

compared to strain activated SPEs by a low‐refractive‐index

{SiO}_{2}

nanopillar. [ 140 ]…”

Section: Perspectives and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Photon Emitters in Layered Van der Waals Materials

Vasconcellos

Wigger

Wurstbauer

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Figure 2. a) SPEs appear as bright localized PL spots at edges and folds in a WSe 2 monolayer. Reproduced with permission. [4] Copyright 2015, Optical Society of America. b) Antibunching and photon cascade from an exciton-biexciton emitter system in GaSe. Reproduced with permission. [9] Copyright 2017, IOP Publishing Ltd. c) Photoluminescence of positioned emitters in MoS 2 . Adapted with permission. [113] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. d) Polarization scan of the PL spectrum of a WSe 2 emitter showing exciton and biexciton transitions. The energy differences provide the biexciton binding and fine structure splitting energies. Reproduced under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. [33]

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Bright single photon emitters with enhanced quantum efficiency in a two-dimensional semiconductor coupled with dielectric nano-antennas

Cited by 62 publications

References 50 publications

Deterministic and Scalable Generation of Exciton Emitters in 2D Semiconductor Nanodisks

Deterministic and Scalable Generation of Exciton Emitters in 2D Semiconductor Nanodisks

Transition metal dichalcogenide dimer nano-antennas with ultra-small gaps

Single‐Photon Emitters in Layered Van der Waals Materials

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