Brillouin Light Scattering Characterisation of Gray Tone 3D Printed Isotropic Materials

Ugarak, Fehima; Ulliac, Gwenn; Martínez, Julio Andrés Iglesias; Moughames, Johnny; Laude, Vincent; Kadic, Muamer; Mosset, A.

doi:10.3390/ma15124070

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Generally, 3D printing via DLW creates structures of high quality, and their optical and ellastical properties have been characterized with high accuracy using Brillouin light scattering [47]. In [47], the authors demonstrate excellent quality of the printed polymer in the GHz regime for elastic waves, where 3D-printed samples can have an elastic quality factor only ten times smaller than fused silica at hypersonic frequencies.…”

Section: Two-photon Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive 3D photonic integration that is CMOS compatible

et al. 2023

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Today, continued miniaturization in electronic integrated circuits (ICs) appears to have reached its fundamental limit at ∼2 nm feature-sizes, from originally ∼1 cm. At the same time, energy consumption due by communication becomes the dominant limitation in high performance electronic ICs for computing, and modern computing concepts such a neural networks further amplify the challenge. Communication based on co-integrated photonic circuits is a promising strategy to address the second. As feature size has leveled out, adding a third dimension to the predominantly two dimensional integrated circuits appears the most promising future strategy for further IC architecture improvement. Crucial for efficient electronic-photonic co-integration is CMOS compatibility of the associated photonic integration fabrication process. Here, we review our latest results obtained in the FEMTO-ST RENATECH facilities on using additive photo-induced polymerization of a standard photo-resin for truly 3D photonic integration according to these principles. Based on one- and two-photon polymerization and combined with direct-laser writing, we 3D-printed air and polymercladded photonic waveguides. An important application of such circuits are the interconnects of optical neural networks, where 3D integration enables scalability in terms of network size versus its geometric dimensions. In particular via flashTPP, a fabrication process combining blanket one- and high-resolution two-photon polymerization, we demonstrated polymer-cladded step-index waveguides with up to 6 mmlength, low insertion (∼0.26 dB) and propagation (∼1.3 dB/mm) losses, realized broadband and low loss (∼0.06 dB splitting losses) adiabatic 1 to M couplers as well as tightly confining air-cladded waveguides for denser integration. By stably printing such integrated photonic circuits on standard semiconductor samples, we show the concept’s CMOS compatibility. With this, we lay out a promising, future avenue for scalable integration of hybrid photonic and electronic components.

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Section: Two-photon Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive 3D photonic integration that is CMOS compatible

et al. 2023

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“…Youngs's modulus: 4 GPa, Poisson's ratio: 0.4, and density: 1200 kg m −3 . These material properties correspond to some of the resins [ 70 ] that could be used to 3D print the considered structure. The remaining geometric parameters used in the simulations were set to be the following: a = 3.5 cm, b = 1.5 cm, θ ( t = 0) = 46.24° (initial value), γ ( t = 0) = 10° (initial value), l 1 = 5.5 mm, l 2 = 4 mm, l 3 = 2 mm.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Dual Auxeticity of the Hierarchical Mechanical Metamaterial Composed of Re‐Entrant Structural Motifs

Dudek

Martínez

Kadic

2022

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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In this work, a novel hierarchical mechanical metamaterial is proposed that is composed of re-entrant truss-lattice elements. It is shown that this system can deform very differently and can exhibit a versatile extent of the auxetic behaviour depending on a small change in the thickness of its hinges. In addition, depending on which hierarchical level is deforming, the whole structure can exhibit a different type of auxetic behaviour that corresponds to a unique deformation mechanism. This results in a dual auxetic structure where the interplay between the two auxetic mechanisms determines the evolution of the system. It is also shown that depending on the specific deformation pattern, it is possible to observe a very different behaviour of the structure in terms of frequencies of waves that can be transmitted through the system. In fact, it is demonstrated that even a very small change in the parametric design of the system may result in a significantly different band gap formation that can be useful in the design of tunable vibration dampers or sensors. The possibility of controlling the extent of the auxeticity also makes the proposed metamaterial to be very appealing from the point of view of protective and biomedical devices.

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“…For example, height (voxel size) and cross‐linking density are changed to influence object dimensions, mechanical, and optical properties among others. [ 13–18 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, height (voxel size) and cross-linking density are changed to influence object dimensions, mechanical, and optical properties among others. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Multimaterial structures are inspired by natural systems, where hierarchical architectures significantly influence their mechanical properties. The ability to transfer these properties to DLW can, for example, lead to adaptive and self-healing microstructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Functions from a Single Photoresist: Tuning Microstructure Degradability from Light‐Stabilized Dynamic Materials

et al. 2023

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analog of the 2D pixel-thus generating complex 3D architectures with sub-100 nm scale resolution. [2,3] Consequently, these highly resolved structures have been used for applications ranging from cell biology, [4] microfluidics [5] to photonics. [6] Despite the progress in the realm of 3D printing, most fabricated structures are unalterable since they are irreversibly cross-linked with the concomitant loss of the resin's photoreactivity and typically consist of only one material. [7][8][9] However, to push the frontiers in DLW, there is an increasingly critical need to incorporate multiple properties into printed structures, preferentially achieved in a single printing process. Thus, multimaterial printing with programmed adaptability has emerged as an attractive avenue to generate advanced materials with locally tuned chemical compositions and responsiveness. [10] Gray-tone lithography has become popular for this purpose. [11,12] While standard photoresists ideally exhibit binary ("black or white") behavior, i.e., they cure or they do not cure at the chosen printing conditions, gray-tone lithography exploits the nonideal behavior of specific resists, which print in varying qualities ("gray tones") depending on the printing conditions. Various resist properties can be changed with the printing A photoresist-based on a light-stabilized dynamic material driven by an out-of-equilibrium photo-Diels-Alder reaction of triazolinediones with naphthalenes-whose ability to intrinsically degrade postprinting can be tuned by a simple adjustment of laser intensity during 3D laser lithography is introduced. The resist's ability to form stable networks under green light irradiation that degrade in the dark is transformed into a tunable degradable 3D printing material platform. In-depth characterization of the printed microstructures via atomic force microscopy before and during degradation reveals the high dependency of the final structures' properties on the writing parameters. Upon identifying the ideal writing parameters and their effect on the network structure, it is possible to selectively toggle between stable and fully degradable structures. This simplifies the direct laser writing manufacturing process of multifunctional materials significantly, which typically requires the use of separate resists and consecutive writing efforts to achieve degradable and nondegradable material sections.

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Brillouin Light Scattering Characterisation of Gray Tone 3D Printed Isotropic Materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Additive 3D photonic integration that is CMOS compatible

Additive 3D photonic integration that is CMOS compatible

Variable Dual Auxeticity of the Hierarchical Mechanical Metamaterial Composed of Re‐Entrant Structural Motifs

Two Functions from a Single Photoresist: Tuning Microstructure Degradability from Light‐Stabilized Dynamic Materials

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