Brillouin scattering from superfluid 3He-4He solutions

Rockwell, David A.; Benjamin, R. F.; Greytak, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/bf00116133

Cited by 54 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The interaction of light with the mechanical modes of superfluid He has been studied in a variety of contexts, including free-space spontaneous inelastic light scattering (i.e., without a cavity) from thermal excitations of first sound, second sound, isotopic concentration, ripplons and rotons. 25,26,27,28,29 These experiments were carried out at relatively high temperatures (T ~ 1 -2 K) where these excitations are strongly damped. The combination of strong damping and the lack of confinement for the optical or mechanical modes precluded observation of cavity optomechanical behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

Superfluid Brillouin optomechanics

et al. 2016

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Optomechanical systems couple an electromagnetic cavity to a mechanical resonator which is typically formed from a solid object. The range of phenomena accessible to these systems depends on the properties of the mechanical resonator and on the manner in which it couples to the cavity fields. In both respects, a mechanical resonator formed from superfluid liquid helium offers several appealing features: low electromagnetic absorption, high thermal conductivity, vanishing viscosity, well-understood mechanical loss, and in situ alignment with cryogenic cavities. In addition, it offers degrees of freedom that differ qualitatively from those of a solid. Here, we describe an optomechanical system consisting of a miniature optical cavity filled with superfluid helium. The cavity mirrors define optical and mechanical modes with near-perfect overlap, resulting in an optomechanical coupling rate ~ 3 kHz. This coupling is used to drive the superfluid; it is also used to observe the superfluid's thermal motion, resolving a mean phonon number as low as 11.Light confined in a cavity exerts forces on the components that form the cavity. These forces can excite mechanical vibrations in the cavity components, and these vibrations can alter the propagation of light in the cavity. This interplay between electromagnetic (EM) and mechanical degrees of freedom is the basis of cavity optomechanics. It gives rise to a variety of nonlinear phenomena in both the EM and mechanical domains, and provides means for controlling and sensing EM fields and mechanical oscillators. 1 If the optomechanical interaction is approximately unitary, it can provide access to quantum effects in the optical and mechanical degrees of freedom. 1 Optomechanical systems have been used to observe quantum effects which are remarkable in that they are associated with the motion of massive objects. 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 They have also been proposed for use in a range of quantum information and sensing applications. 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22 Realizing these goals typically requires strong optomechanical coupling, weak EM and mechanical loss, efficient cooling to cryogenic temperatures, and reduced influence from technical noise.To date, nearly all optomechanical devices have used solid objects as mechanical oscillators.However, liquid oscillators offer potential advantages. A liquid can conformally fill a hollow EM cavity, 23 allowing for near-perfect overlap between the cavity's EM modes and the normal modes of the liquid body's vibrations. In addition, the liquid's composition can be changed in situ, an important feature for applications in fluidic sensing. 24 However, most liquids face two important obstacles to operation in or near the quantum regime: their viscosity results in strong mechanical losses, and they solidify when cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Liquid helium is exceptional in both respects, as it does not solidify under its own vapor pressure and possesses zero viscosity in its purely superfluid state. In addition, liquid He has low EM lo...

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Superfluid Brillouin optomechanics

et al. 2016

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“…The probed phonons were about 750 MHz where the ruby laser light was spectrally analysed using again a Fabry-Pérot interferometer. Spontaneous Brillouin scattering was also actively used in pressurised liquid 4 He or in mixtures of 3 He and 4 He, in particular to get a Brillouin signature of second sound propagation [4,5,6,7,8].…”

Section: Spontaneous Brillouin Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulated Brillouin Gain Spectroscopy of Superfluid Helium-4

2021

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We report Stimulated Brillouin gain spectra of bulk superfluid helium-4. Stimulated Brillouin gain spectroscopy is a powerful optical method to probe the acoustic properties of liquid helium in a narrow spatio-temporal domain with moderate optical power and fast acquisition rates. We determine the velocity of first sound of superfluid helium-4 from the Stimulated Brillouin gain spectra between 0.90 K and 2.17 K and compare it to well known available data, which validate our experimental method.

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“…We present a new setup for such a "pressure-tuned" interferometer. It differs from earlier setups ͑e.g., in Rockwell et al 5 , Mack et al 6 ͒ and commercially available units in its compact size, accurate tuning and good stability at low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple pressure-tuned Fabry–Pérot interferometer

Hansis

Cubel

Choi

et al. 2005

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A simple, compact and inexpensive pressure-tuned Fabry-Pérot interferometer is presented. It is used as a laser locking reference for optical frequencies where the use of an atomic reference is impractical. The scanning range is several GHz. Absolute positioning of the interferometer with an accuracy of 7 MHz rms over a range of 2 GHz is possible. The instrument is temperature stabilized and shows long-term drift of 16 MHz rms over 48 h.

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Brillouin scattering from superfluid 3He-4He solutions

Cited by 54 publications

References 28 publications

Superfluid Brillouin optomechanics

Superfluid Brillouin optomechanics

Stimulated Brillouin Gain Spectroscopy of Superfluid Helium-4

Simple pressure-tuned Fabry–Pérot interferometer

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