Brine geochemistry changes induced by CO2 injection observed over a 10year period in the Weyburn oil field

Shevalier, Maurice; Nightingale, Michael; Mayer, Bernhard; Hutcheon, Ian; Durocher, K.; Perkins, Ernie

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.02.017

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Even though some carbon dioxide may have initial isotopically distinct signatures, over time this may evolve due to known mineral reactions in the subsurface. This has been observed at the Encana Weyburn Project in Saskatchewan, Canada (Shevalier et al, 2004(Shevalier et al, , 2013 and also at the Frio Brine I experiment and has implications for longer term monitoring of δ 13 C for CO 2 as a tracer.…”

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confidence: 65%

Application of tracers to measure, monitor and verify breakthrough of sequestered CO2 at the CO2CRC Otway Project, Victoria, Australia

et al. 2015

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At the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technology's (CO2CRC) field site in the Otway Basin of Victoria, Australia, investigations into the storage of CO 2 -rich gas in a depleted hydrocarbon gas field have been conducted in the Waarre C reservoir. The injected gas from the nearby Buttress field contained 75 mol% CO 2 , 21 mol% CH 4 with the remaining balance being a mixture of wet hydrocarbons, condensate and nitrogen. Chemical tracers (sulphur hexafluoride, SF 6 ; krypton, Kr; perdeuterated methane, CD 4 ) were added on the basis of literature surveys and small volume trials at the Frio II Brine experiment in Texas. The aim of the project was to measure, monitor and verify the presence of injected CO 2 in a depleted gas field and that the arrival of tracers was a major component of demonstrating breakthrough of CO 2 at the monitoring well, Naylor-1. The paper focuses on methods developed for the injection, recovery and analysis of samples collected at the Naylor-1 well. Results of tracer analysis compare well with other data collected (including pH and density measurements) to demonstrate breakthrough. A slip-stream injection system was designed to deliver the tracers mixed with the CO 2 -rich gas into the subsurface at the CRC-1 well. The tracers were added to the gas stream 17 days after the start of injection (CO 2 injection commenced 18th March, 2008) into the depleted natural gas field at Naylor. A U-tube system was used to retrieve the samples from the Naylor-1 monitoring well. Collected gas and formation water samples were analysed in detail for gas composition, tracers, isotopes ( 13 C CO 2 mainly) and inorganic geochemistry for the broader project. The tracer results confirm that CO 2 breakthrough at the monitoring well occurred within the predicted times. However the interval between samples taken from the U-tubes was too coarse to resolve detailed differences in arrival times between the CO 2 and tracers. Of the three tracers used, SF 6 provided the clearest evidence of breakthrough at U-tube 2. Kr, because of its abundance in air, and its potential to be present in the subsurface, was more prone to contamination and had higher background levels prior to breakthrough. CD 4 was expected to provide some more unique data based on the presence of abundant CH 4 in the reservoir interval. With hindsight, larger volumes should have been injected to facilitate comparisons with the other tracers and add value to the data set. The test of CD 4 however acted as a suitable proof of concept that CD 4 could be used in such a high background of CH 4 . Further work is ongoing to generate data for partition coefficients between supercritical CO 2 , CH 4 and water under the injection conditions.

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Application of tracers to measure, monitor and verify breakthrough of sequestered CO2 at the CO2CRC Otway Project, Victoria, Australia

et al. 2015

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“…Depleted hydrocarbon fields with many wells require intensive monitoring on one hand; on the other however, these wells provide opportunities for repeated fluid sampling and tracing CO 2 migration and rock alteration within the reservoirs. This has been demonstrated successfully in the Weyburn Oil field . Chances to detect leakage in deep wells by chemical methods require good knowledge about potential pathways.…”

Section: Deep Well‐based Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, geochemical baselines are necessary and should document the vertical variability in order to detect possible upwards migration of fluids out of the reservoir. Following geochemical processes in the reservoir requires knowledge about the intra‐formational variation of chemical parameters …”

Section: Deep Well‐based Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tasks and challenges of geochemical monitoring

May

Waldmann

2013

Greenhouse Gases

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A variety of monitoring tools are available for the various purposes of supervision and verification of underground geological CO2 storage. Geophysical tools can provide an indirect indication of the migration of substances in the subsurface or leakage through overburden. Geochemical techniques have to be applied though for verification of the nature of substances involved. Chemical species may be indicators for storage processes. Some can be harmful to the environment outside of the storage complex and thus appropriate monitoring of affected or endangered environments may be required. Natural CO2 reservoirs, CO2‐rich groundwater, and saline springs can be used to study fluid transport processes that could be similar to the migration and leakage associated with underground CO2 storage. Natural sites have been used for testing monitoring tools and learning about natural background variations. Experience gained from natural analogs and from pilot CO2 storage monitoring reveals the potential and limitations of chemical monitoring methods. Based on these experiences, the use of baseline functions and different thresholds are recommended in order to optimize detection and quantification of geochemical deviations from variable backgrounds. Chemical monitoring tools have to be incorporated into comprehensive concepts for CO2 storage monitoring. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The geochemical field data set used in this study was collected and analyzed by the Applied Geochemistry group (AGg) of the University of Calgary (Emberley et al, 2005;Mayer et al, 2013;Shevalier et al, 2013). It includes compositional data for gases and waters produced with the recovered oil at many of the wells within the Phase 1A and Phase 1B areas of the Weyburn CO 2 EOR project.…”

Section: Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical tracers applied to reservoir simulation of the Weyburn CO2 EOR field

Talman

Perkins

Jafari

et al. 2013

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Brine geochemistry changes induced by CO2 injection observed over a 10year period in the Weyburn oil field

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Application of tracers to measure, monitor and verify breakthrough of sequestered CO2 at the CO2CRC Otway Project, Victoria, Australia

Application of tracers to measure, monitor and verify breakthrough of sequestered CO2 at the CO2CRC Otway Project, Victoria, Australia

Tasks and challenges of geochemical monitoring

Geochemical tracers applied to reservoir simulation of the Weyburn CO2 EOR field

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