Brines formed by multi-salt deliquescence

Carroll, Susan; Rard, J; Alai, Maureen; Staggs, K J

doi:10.2172/928172

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Comparison with previous studies Minimum NO 3 to Cl ratios derived from solubility data from deliquescence testing agree well with the data in Figure 6. From data on a salt mixture of NaCl + NaNO 3 + KNO 3 at 120°C the measured solubility data give a minimum NO 3 to Cl ratio that is about 5 [Carroll et al 2005b]. And from data on a salt mixture of NaCl + KNO 3 at 120°C the measured solubility data give a minimum NO 3 to Cl ratio that is about 3 [Carroll et al 2005a].…”

Section: Aqueous Solution Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The majority of the aqueous solutions that are predicted to form on the waste packages due to dust deliquescence consists of chloride and nitrate salts of sodium and potassium. Recent work indicates that deliquescence of these salt mixtures can occur at temperatures in excess of 180°C [Rard 2004;Carroll et al 2005b]. Hence, understanding the degradation of Alloy 22 in these environments is necessary for the long-term prediction of waste package integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aqueous solution characteristics Carroll et al [2005b] showed deliquescence of the NaCl + NaNO 3 + KNO 3 solids mixture occurring at temperatures up to at least 180°C. Carroll et al [2005a] measured a maximum boiling point (BP) of 135°C for the saturated NaCl + KNO 3 aqueous solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently Carroll et al [2005b] have investigated the aqueous solution composition dependence on RH for the NaCl + KNO 3 + NaNO 3 aqueous salt mixture at 120°C. For this system, the minimum nitrate to chloride ratio occurs at a measured RH of nominally 50% and is approximately equal to 5 with NO 3 and Cl concentrations at 25 and 5 molal, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alloy 22 Localized Corrosion Susceptibility In Aqueous Solutions Of Chloride And Nitrate Salts Of Sodium And Potassium At 110 - 150?C

Felker¹,

Hailey²,

Lian³

et al. 2006

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Section: Aqueous Solution Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alloy 22 Localized Corrosion Susceptibility In Aqueous Solutions Of Chloride And Nitrate Salts Of Sodium And Potassium At 110 - 150?C

Felker¹,

Hailey²,

Lian³

et al. 2006

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“…This report and Felker et al (2006) present new experimental data that can be used to help answer the last three questions, which bear on the corrosiveness of deliquescent brines and the durability of the outer metal barrier of the waste canisters at temperatures from 110 to 220 o C. A companion report on the deliquescence of NaCl-KNO 3 -NaNO 3 and NaCl-KNO 3 -NaNO 3 -Ca(NO 3 ) 2 salt mixtures addresses the first two questions (Carroll et al, 2005b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

General Corrosion and Passive Film Stability

Dixit¹,

Roberts²,

Evans³

et al. 2005

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Review of the Modelling of Corrosion Processes and Lifetime Prediction for HLW/SF Containers—Part 2: Performance Assessment Models

King,

Kolàř,

Briggs

et al. 2024

CMD

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The disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SF) presents a unique challenge for the prediction of the long-term performance of corrodible structures since the HLW/SF canisters are expected, in some cases, to have lifetimes of one million years or longer. Various empirical and deterministic models have been developed over the past 45 years for making predictions of the long-term corrosion behaviour, including models for uniform and localized corrosion, environmentally assisted cracking and microbiologically influenced corrosion. As well as process models focused on specific corrosion mechanisms (described in Part 1 of this review), there is also a need for performance assessment models as part of the overall analysis of the safety of a deep geological repository (DGR). Performance assessment models are often based on simplified or abstracted process models. The manner in which various international waste management programs have predicted the long-term performance of HLW/SF containers with copper, steel, Ni and Ti alloy corrosion barriers is discussed. Performance assessments are repeated periodically during the development and implementation of a DGR, and the corrosion models are constantly updated in light of new mechanistic understanding and/or more information about the deep geological environment. Two examples of how the container performance assessment models evolve over time are also described. Performance assessment models cannot easily be validated, so it is important to build confidence in the long-term predictions using other methods, including natural analogues and large-scale in situ tests and the use of complementary models.

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Brines formed by multi-salt deliquescence

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Alloy 22 Localized Corrosion Susceptibility In Aqueous Solutions Of Chloride And Nitrate Salts Of Sodium And Potassium At 110 - 150?C

Alloy 22 Localized Corrosion Susceptibility In Aqueous Solutions Of Chloride And Nitrate Salts Of Sodium And Potassium At 110 - 150?C

General Corrosion and Passive Film Stability

Review of the Modelling of Corrosion Processes and Lifetime Prediction for HLW/SF Containers—Part 2: Performance Assessment Models

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