Brines in supercritical biomass gasification: 1. Salt extraction by salts and the influence on glucose conversion

Gasification of sugarcane bagasse in supercritical water; evaluation of alkali catalysts for maximum hydrogen production

“…Above the critical point of water, both hydroxides form a second liquid phase. Because of the existence of CO 2 , carbonates are formed from the hydroxides so that K 2 CO 3 forms a liquid phase and Na 2 CO 3 a solid phase [55]. The experiments here are made in a batch experiments and the experiments of Guo at higher temperature and in a tubular reactor.…”

“…KOH and carbonates are so-called type 1 salts which form a salt-rich phase. At the conditions of 400 C and 25 MPa, the salts are likely dissolved but at 600 C they would definitely precipitate [55,63,64]. Therefore it is generally problematic to directly compare experiments with salts as catalysts at different temperatures.…”

Processing of Biomass with Hydrothermal and Supercritical Water

“…It is assumed that phenol acts as a free-radical scavenger [146]. Salts that are added have to be kept in solution to avoid plugging [145]. By addition of K 2 CO 3 , carbon gasification efficiency is improved up to 94% at T ¼ 600 C and P ¼ 20 MPa [147].…”

Hydrogen production by gasification of biomass and opportunity fuels

“…water (SCW) gasification (SCWG) is carried out in a gasifier in which the conditions of the critical point of water (374 C and 22.1 MPa pressure) (Figure 6.13) are used as a favorable atmosphere for opportunity fuel feedstocks with no prior drying(Chen, Lu, Guo, Zhang, & Xiao, 2010;Kruse, 2008;Kruse, Forchheim, Gloede, Ottinger, & Zimmermann, 2010;Liao, Guo, Lu, & Zhang, 2013). Supercritical water has some exceptional properties that make it an exclusive solvent for opportunity fuel feedstock gasification(Chowdhury, Hossain, & Charpentier, 2011;Savage, 1999;Watanabe et al, 2004;Youssef, Chowdhury, Nakhla, & Charpentier, 2010;Youssef, Elbeshbishy, Hafez, Nakhla, & Charpentier, 2010; Youssef, Nakhla, 13 Physical properties of high-temperature water(Kritzer, 2004).…”