Bringing intelligent inferences through a semantic structure markup system with the support of chemical ontologies

Ontologies for Industry 4.0

“…For this purpose, in the last decade, ontologies have been developed for one specific industrial domain such as aviation (Keller, 2016), aeropsace (Kossmann et al, 2009), construction (Liao et al, 2009), steel production (Dobrev et al, 2008), chemical engineering (Vinoth & Sankar, 2016;Feng et al, 2018), oil industry (Du et al, 2010;Guo & Wu, 2012), energy (Santos et al, 2018), and electronics (Liu et al, 2005a). Other ontologies have been used for one specific manufacturing process such as packaging (Liu et al, 2005b), process engineering (Wiesner et al, 2010), process compliance (Disi & Zualkernan, 2009), risk management (Atkinson et al, 2006), safety management (Hooi et al, 2012), customer feedback analysis (Kim and Lee, 2013;Daly et al, 2015), organizational management (Grangel-Gonzalez et al, 2016;Izhar and Apduhan, 2017), project management (Cheah et al, 2011), product development (Zhang et al, 2017), maintenance (Haupert et al, 2014), resource reconfiguration (Wan et al, 2018b), and production scheduling (Kourtis et al, 2019).…”