Briquetage and salt cakes: an experimental approach of a prehistoric technique

Tencariu, Felix Adrian; Alexianu, Marius; Cotiugă, Vasile; Vasilache, Viorica; Sandu, Ion

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2015.04.016

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To identify the relationship between settlements placement and morphological features, a geo-referenced database was created using Esri ArcGIS 10.3, based on field surveys ( Figure 2), along with relevant archaeological documentation and registries. It should be noted that the analysis was based only on certain settlements, where archaeological documentation was well-grounded in reports, radiocarbon-based chronology, scientific articles, and geo-archaeological maps [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] (…”

Section: Inventory Of Archaeological Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3850-3500 BC) ( Figure 3d), and 205 sites are Cucuteni settlements (ca. 4600-3500 BC), but the cultural phase they belong to (Cucuteni A, A-B, or B) is unknown (Figure 3e,f) [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]47].…”

Section: Elevation Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the TPI-landform classification by combining two neighbourhood sizes, the most potentially affected settlements by floods were built on the concave landforms: deeply incised streams (37 sites), U-shaped valleys (25), and plains with ≤ 5 • slope (3 sites) ( Table 4). These sites may correspond to temporary settlements used for a particular activity (e.g., fishing, hunting, clay exploitation, flint processing), and could indicate the seasonal mobility of prehistoric communities generated by the annual hydrological regimes [34][35][36][37][38]41,75]. Overall, the habitation practices deduced from settlement landform patterns attest that prehistoric communities had a high awareness of flood hazard, especially during the Precucuteni and Cucuteni A periods (ca.…”

Section: Flood Hazard Perception During the Eneolithic Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4100-3850 BCE) and Cucuteni B (ca. 3850-3500 BCE) [35,[39][40][41]. Besides the literature on the morphological features in the study area [42][43][44][45][46], only a few works deal with the local or the relative topographic position of archaeological settlements in the landscape [47,48]; most of them refer to the evaluation of cultural heritage sites to natural hazards (landslides, gully erosion) and anthropogenic impact [49][50][51][52][53][54].Understanding the connections between the small-scale features, large-scale landforms, flood hazard perception, and the types of archaeological settlement is an important method applied in the study of the prehistoric peoples because the landscape can reveal insights into settlement distribution and dynamics over time [4,27].…”

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confidence: 99%

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GIS-based Landform Classification of Eneolithic Archaeological Sites in the Plateau-plain Transition Zone (NE Romania): Habitation Practices vs. Flood Hazard Perception

Mihu-Pintilie

Nicu

2019

Remote Sensing

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The landforms of the Earth’s surface ranging from large-scale features to local topography are factors that influence human behavior in terms of habitation practices. The ability to extract geomorphological settings using geoinformatic techniques is an important aspect of any environmental analysis and archaeological landscape approach. Morphological data derived from DEMs with high accuracies (e.g., LiDAR data), can provide valuable information related to landscape modelling and landform classification processes. This study applies the first landform classification and flood hazard vulnerability of 730 Eneolithic (ca. 5000–3500 BCE) settlement locations within the plateau-plain transition zone of NE Romania. The classification was done using the SD (standard deviation) of TPI (Topographic Position Index) for the mean elevation (DEV) around each archaeological site, and HEC-RAS flood hazard pattern generated for 0.1% (1000 year) discharge insurance. The results indicate that prehistoric communities preferred to place their settlements for defensive purposes on hilltops, or in the close proximity of a steep slope. Based on flood hazard pattern, 8.2% out of the total sites had been placed in highly vulnerable areas. The results indicate an eco-cultural niche connected with habitation practices and flood hazard perception during the Eneolithic period in the plateau-plain transition zone of NE Romania and contribute to archaeological predictive modelling.

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Section: Inventory Of Archaeological Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elevation Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flood Hazard Perception During the Eneolithic Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

GIS-based Landform Classification of Eneolithic Archaeological Sites in the Plateau-plain Transition Zone (NE Romania): Habitation Practices vs. Flood Hazard Perception

Mihu-Pintilie

Nicu

2019

Remote Sensing

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“…The majority of the published works referring to the elucidation of the mechanism by which the Liesegang effect forms have been cited in many ISI-ranked scientific journals, presented at the end of the reference list [32-58], many citing two to up to four of the papers by our team. Chemometric characteristics with archaeometric value for ceramic artefacts With respect to the identification of the archaeometric characteristics, highlighted in ancient ceramics and used for authentication [59][60][61][62][63][64][65], our team has investigated the evolutive modules Si/Al, Ca/Mg, and K/Na, which were shown to be excellent chemometric relations ( fig. 8 and tables 2 and 3), then the rate of ceram solubilisation (aluminosilicates) under the influence of alkaline carbonates and phosphates (figs.…”

Section: Bronze Archaeological Artefactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometric and Chemometric Studies Involved in the Authentication of Old Heritage Artefacts I. Contributions of the Iasi school of Conservation Science

Spiridon¹,

Sandu²,

Nica³

et al. 2017

Rev. Chim.

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The paper presents the results obtained in the study of new archaeometric and chemometric characteristics involved in the authentication of old artefacts made of metal, ceramics and polychrome wood, by the Iasi school of Conservation Science of cultural heritage goods. Most of the metal and ceramic artefacts considered for this study originate from archaeological sites from the region of Moldavia and Dobrudja, and those of polychrome wood from state or private collections and monastic establishments. The data obtained, using modern experimental methods and techniques, has allowed us to set the fundaments of phenomenological aspects related to the conception/execution, acquired patina, evolutive effects of deterioration and degradation, historical contexts, etc. These discoveries have been acknowledged as interdisciplinary effects, as evidenced by the citations listed in scientometric databases.

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Protohistoric briquetage at Puntone (Tuscany, Italy): principles and processes of an industry based on the leaching of saline lagoonal sediments

et al. 2020

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A protohistoric (c.10th–5th c. BC) briquetage site at Puntone (Tuscany, Italy) was studied to unravel the salt production processes and materials involved. Geophysical surveys were used to identify kilns, pits, and dumps. One of these pits and a dump were excavated, followed by detailed chemical and physical analyses of the materials encountered. The pit had been used for holding brine, obtained by leaching of lagoonal sediment over a sieve, that afterwards was discarded to form large dumps. Phases distinguished indicate that the pit filled with fine sediment and was regularly “cleaned.” The presence of ferroan‐magnesian calcite in the pit fill testifies to the prolonged presence of anoxic brine. The production processes could be reconstructed in detail by confronting the analytical results with known changes in composition of a brine upon evaporation. These pertain in particular to the accumulation of “bitterns” and increased B (boron) concentrations in a residual brine. Both could be traced in the materials studied, and were found to be far more indicative than the ubiquitously studied concentrations of Cl and Na.

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Briquetage and salt cakes: an experimental approach of a prehistoric technique

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

GIS-based Landform Classification of Eneolithic Archaeological Sites in the Plateau-plain Transition Zone (NE Romania): Habitation Practices vs. Flood Hazard Perception

GIS-based Landform Classification of Eneolithic Archaeological Sites in the Plateau-plain Transition Zone (NE Romania): Habitation Practices vs. Flood Hazard Perception

Archaeometric and Chemometric Studies Involved in the Authentication of Old Heritage Artefacts I. Contributions of the Iasi school of Conservation Science

Protohistoric briquetage at Puntone (Tuscany, Italy): principles and processes of an industry based on the leaching of saline lagoonal sediments

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