BRITAIN, the VENETI and BEYOND

Cunliffe, Barry

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1982.tb00298.x

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…By estimating contributions of European ancestries in the Irish and British genetic communities across timescales, we found evidence of gene flow between Scandinavia and the English, Scottish and Irish groups in the smaller IBD bins but across all IBD bins within the Orcadian and Manx communities. We also detected an affinity between modern populations in northwest Germany and the English communities in the smaller IBD bins, consistent with the influence of Germanic migrants in the Migration Period 5 in the region 21 . Further, by separating out signals of sharing with European groups, extending previous findings using haplotype "painting" of chromosomes, we shed light on the changing landscape of European affinity across the islands.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

A genetic perspective on the recent demographic history of Ireland and Britain

Shanmugam,

Merrigan,

O’Reilly

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundWhile subtle yet discrete clusters of genetic identity across Ireland and Britain have been identified, their demographic history is unclear.MethodsUsing genotype data from 6,574 individuals with associated regional Irish or British ancestry, we identified Irish-like and British-like genetic communities using network community detection. We segregated Identity-by-Descent (IBD) and Runs-of-Homozygosity (ROH) segments by length and approximated their corresponding time periods. Through this, we inferred the regional Irish and British demographic histories in these time periods by (1) estimating genetic relatedness between communities, (2) estimating changes in effective population sizes, (3) inferring recent migration rates across Ireland and Britain, and (4) estimating changing affinities to regional European populations. For a subset of the Irish communities, we determined the enrichment/depletion of surnames within the genetic communities.ResultsThrough patterns of IBD-sharing and ROH, we find evidence of recent population bottlenecks in the Orcadian, Manx and Welsh communities. While the structure in Ireland is subtler, the communities share relatively more IBD segments that are shorter in length, and the genetic differences between the Irish communities are more subtle on average, when compared to the British communities. Regional effective population size trajectories indicate a similar demographic history throughout the island of Ireland. Further, we observe a stable migration corridor between north-east Ireland and south-west Scotland while there is a recent migration barrier between South-Eastern Ireland and Western Ireland. We observed an enrichment of Anglo-Norman and English surnames in the Wexford community while within the West Ulster-Argyll community, we saw an enrichment of Gallowglass and Scottish surnames.ConclusionsUsing well-annotated Irish and British reference genotypes, we observed temporal changes in genetic affinities within and between genetic communities in Ireland and Britain. In addition, using effective population size estimates and levels of haplotype-sharing, we detected varying degrees of genetic isolation in some Irish and British genetic communities across time. Using these new insights into the regional demographic history of Ireland and Britain across different time periods, we hope to understand the driving forces of rare allele frequencies and disease risk association within these populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

A genetic perspective on the recent demographic history of Ireland and Britain

Shanmugam,

Merrigan,

O’Reilly

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…But the Isle of Wight mart which Timaeus reported from Pytheas-at Freshwater perhaps, though never yet foundmust have had obvious disadvantages com-pared with any nearby mainland one, provided foreigners were allowed there and not kept timidly still on the Island. Archaeology then could suit this well, as in any case it must later on, at the populous site in the shelter of Hengistbury Head : Cunliffe 1978: Cunliffe , 1982 (with its wider aspects easily thus adjusted), and now 1984. His distinction, thus upheld, of a directly cross-Channel route to this, as against any farther west, leaves a south-west British port to be found, or proposed, for the Corbilo traders.…”

Section: And 2)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The topography of Mount Batten, described by Cunliffe (1982), with maps whence here Fig. 2, needs accordingly now a few words only.…”

Section: Mount Batten and The Greek Source For The Ictis Tin Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Ictis Disentangled, and the British Tin Trade

Hawkes¹

1984

Oxford J Archaeology

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Summary. Recent writers here, on routes by sea to ancient Britain, have revived the quest for Ictis, recorded as a port for the trade in its tin. Apart from Caesar's De Bello Gallico, nearly all the relevant sources are in Greek, and one of the few in Latin is from previous Greek. The relevant archaeology, marine technology and natural sciences, should still be advantaged by attention to these texts, in their wording and their contexts and chronology. They comprise three groups: Pytheas and Timaeus, before and after 300 BC, Polybius and Posidonius, before and after 100, Diodorus in the middle first century and Strabo near its end. Pliny, after the middle first century AD, quotes Timaeus. Each of the three groups throws light on the trade, Diodorus almost certainly, and nearly always Strabo, reflecting what had been shed by writers before them. It is Diodorus, expected here to be using Posidonius, who tells us of Ictis. But the various dates of the evidence altogether, when compared with the archaeological and scientific findings, let routes for the trade be distinguished not only in geography, but also in the chronology of their use. This essay takes account of all relevant work done hitherto, but advances beyond it wherever this is seen to be feasible. It disentangles the location of Ictis from persistent error, though doing so cannot yet fix it with final probability; but putting all the ancient sources for the trade to a critical scrutiny, with exact translations, enhances their accord with archaeology.

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“…During the last century of the pre-Roman Iron Age, there were major changes in pottery manufacture in some areas due to the effects of changes on the continent and subsequently in the social and political organi- zation of Britain. Parts of southern Britain were receiving wheelthrown vessels and amphorae from the continent throughout this period (Cunliffe 1982.;1984b;Fitzpatrick 1985;Freestone 1982;Freestone & Rigby 1982;Peacock 1984;Stead & Rigby 1989;Timby 1987;Trow 1988;Tyers 1980) and acquiring either the technology or the craftsmen necessary to change production from the level of household to workshop industry with the introduction of the wheel and the investment in kiln-like structures (Peacock 1982;van der Leeuw 1976), as well as a change in fabrics and forms (Thompson 1982). In spite of these developments, the traditions of handmade pottery (Spencer 1983;Trow 1988) and tooled decorations (Wainwright 1979) continued in most regions.…”

Section: Latest Pre-roman Iron Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Distribution of Pottery and Salt in Iron Age Britain: a Review

Morris

1994

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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This paper questions whether the current model of hillforts as central places for the control and redistribution of goods in Iron Age Britain is appropriate by reviewing the evidence for the production and distribution of both pottery vessels and salt in ceramic containers. Suitable data found in published reports of excavations from all parts of Britain are considered, if available, and the information is synthesized by defined region and broad phase.

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BRITAIN, the VENETI and BEYOND

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

A genetic perspective on the recent demographic history of Ireland and Britain

A genetic perspective on the recent demographic history of Ireland and Britain

Ictis Disentangled, and the British Tin Trade

Production and Distribution of Pottery and Salt in Iron Age Britain: a Review

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