British<i>Sorbus</i>(Rosaceae): six new species, two hybrids and a new subgenus

Rich, Tim C. G.; Green, D.; Houston, L.; Lepší, Martin; Ludwig, Shanna; Pellicer, Jaume

doi:10.1179/2042349714y.0000000036

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Pers., S. x confusa Gremli, S. x semiincisa Borbas and S. x eximia Kovanda, caused by introgression of S. aria into S. torminalis (Sell 1989;Prat & Daniel 1993;Aas et al 1994;Rudow & Aas 1997;Fay et al 2002;Chester et al 2007;Price & Rich 2007;Rich et al 2010;Robertson et al 2010;Pellicer et al 2012;Stace, Preston & Pearman 2015), and another hybrid of S. porrigentiformis E.F. Warb. sensu lato introgressed into S. torminalis (Rich et al 2014). Sorbus rupicola (Syme) Hedl.…”

Section: Demesurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Thomas

2017

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Wild Service-tree) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Sorbus torminalis is an uncommon, mostly small tree (but can reach 33 m) native to lowland England and Wales, and temperate and Mediterranean regions of mainland Europe. It is the most shade-tolerant member of the genus in the British Isles, and as a result, it is more closely associated with woodland than any other British species. Like other British Sorbus species, however, it grows best where competition for space and sunlight is limited. Seedlings are shade tolerant but adults are only moderately so. This, combined with its low competitive ability, restricts the best growth to open areas. In shade, saplings and young adults form a sapling bank, showing reproduction and extensive growth only when released. Sorbus torminalis tolerates a wide range of soil reaction (pH 3Á5-8Á0) but grows best on calcareous clays and thin soils over limestone. 3. Sorbus torminalis is a sexual, diploid, non-apomictic species that has hybridised with a number of other Sorbus species to form microspecies. The hermaphrodite flowers are primarily insect pollinated. Seed production is reliable only in warm years, especially at the edge of its range, although even then seed viability is low. The fruits are primarily dispersed by carnivorous mammals. Seeds display embryo dormancy but most will germinate the first spring after falling. 4. This tree is very tolerant of short droughts but only moderately tolerant of frost, hence its southerly and lowland distribution. It faces no particular individual threats although the small size of most populations makes it susceptible to habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly through the loss of open coppiced areas. As a consequence, it appears to be declining throughout Britain and Europe despite its wide range of historical uses and the high value of its timber. The extent to which these losses will be offset by increases due to climate change is unknown.Key-words: climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soils Wild Service-tree or Chequers/Chequer tree. Rosaceae. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Crataegus torminalis L., Pyrus torminalis (L.) Ehrh., Aria torminalis (L.) Beck., Torminaria clusii Roem., Torminalis clusii (Roem.) Roberts & Phipps) is usually a subordinate, subcanopy tree or shrub of temperate deciduous forests, and more rarely a co-dominant canopy tree reaching 30-33 m. Suckers profusely. Crown narrow when shaded but round, ...

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Section: Demesurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Thomas

2017

Journal of Ecology

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“…The taxonomic concept adopted by most European taxonomists in the past two decades in Sorbus has been the morphospecies concept, which implies a unique morphology coupled with distributional data [ 107 ]. Numerous apomictic species (microspecies) in Europe have been described based on unique morphology combined with cytometric or karyological and sometimes genotypic data [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 40 , 44 , 45 , 108 , 109 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages

Hajrudinović-Bogunić

Frajman

Šiljak-Yakovlev

et al. 2023

Biology

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The interplay of polyploidisation, hybridization, and apomixis contributed to the exceptional diversity of Sorbus (Rosaceae), giving rise to a mosaic of genetic and morphological entities. The Sorbus austriaca species complex from the mountains of Central and South-eastern Europe represents an allopolyploid apomictic system of populations that originated following hybridisation between S. aria and S. aucuparia. However, the mode and frequency of such allopolyploidisations and the relationships among different, morphologically more or less similar populations that have often been described as different taxa remain largely unexplored. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequencing, and analyses of nuclear microsatellites, along with multivariate morphometrics and ploidy data, to disentangle the relationships among populations within this intricate complex. Our results revealed a mosaic of genetic lineages—many of which have not been taxonomically recognised—that originated via multiple allopolyploidisations. The clonal structure within and among populations was then maintained via apomixis. Our results thus support previous findings that hybridisation, polyploidization, and apomixis are the main drivers of Sorbus diversification in Europe.

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“…Therefore, based on our own research and research by national and foreign authors, we have compiled a system of sign indicators, which can be the first step in the use of criteria enabling characterization and assessment of variability of T. glaberrima, and facilitate identification and exchange of germplasm. Its delicious fruits are used for making wine, jam and other food products due to the high content of vitamins (Aas & Kohles, 2011;Gaivelyte et al, 2013;Rich, et al, 2014), and also as a drug in national medicine (Kosets, 1941;Gordiyenko, 2007). Wild service tree may take a prominent place in fruit horticulture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and ecological peculiarities of checker tree mountain ash (Torminalis glaberrima) plants and biochemical composition of its fruits

Москалец

Vovkohon

Barat

et al. 2020

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The selection and comparative study of new forms of the Red Book species checker tree mountain ash (Torminalis glaberrima (Gand.) Sennikov & Kurtto) were conducted on the basis of generalizing the literary data and expeditionary research on the natural and local gene pool of the above-mentioned plant. Information was presented about the peculiarities of the selection and valuable forms of the checker tree concerning the indices of vitality and morphology in the Central, South-Western, and Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. These forms appeared to be characterized by high vigour (over 30–40 cm), large size and mass of the fruits (1.7–2.4 g), their increased nutritional value, high ecological plasticity and ornamentality (crown shape, leaf colouration and shades during the growing season). Taking into consideration the ornamental characteristics, the selected forms are rather promising in landscape construction and phytodesign as complementary elements of oak-beech, oak-hornbeam and other species associations, as well as green corridors of the ecological network. This will contribute to the restoration and preservation of this rare species, thus facilitating restoration, spreading and conservation of this rare species, thereby increasing the stability of ecosystem components, squares, alleys, nature-conservation territories and enhancing the aesthetic qualities of the gardens when establishing harmonious landscape compositions. The fruits of T. glaberrima are characterized as raw material for processing and manufacturing of medicinal preparations and food products. The biochemical analysis of the checker tree mountain ash berries has shown that they are characterized by high content of a number of biologically active substances: polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamin С. The wide use of the checker tree will enable the food and pharmaceutical markets to be supplied with medicinal and fruit raw material by its introduction into new cultivation conditions, namely: into industrial and ornamental horticulture, forestry. The new genotypes of T. glaberrima were selected and are planned to be transferred to the National Centre for the Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. That will make it possible to replenish the genetic bank of Ukraine with representatives of the species, which are promising in fruit growing and ornamental horticulture, forestry and nature conservation.

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BritishSorbus(Rosaceae): six new species, two hybrids and a new subgenus

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages

Morphological and ecological peculiarities of checker tree mountain ash (Torminalis glaberrima) plants and biochemical composition of its fruits

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