Broad-band spectrophotometry of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-12b from the near-UV to the near-IR

Mallonn, M.; Nascimbeni, V.; Weingrill, J.; Essen, C. von; Strassmeier, K. G.; Piotto, G.; Pagano, I.; Scandariato, G.; Csizmadia, Sz.; Herrero, E.; Sada, Pedro V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Marsh, T. R.; Künstler, A.; Bernt, I.; Granzer, T.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425395

Cited by 56 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A previous analysis showed that the near-infrared transmission spectrum was flat, indicating the presence of high-altitude aerosols (Line et al 2013). This planet has also been observed in transit at visible wavelengths both from the ground (Mallonn et al 2015;Alexoudi et al 2018) and from space Alexoudi et al 2018), with the latter studies revealing a slope in the optical transmission spectrum indicative of Rayleigh scattering by fine aerosol particles in the upper atmosphere (Barstow et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Optical to Near-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Warm Sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b

Wong

Benneke

Gao

et al. 2020

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We present the transmission spectrum of HAT-P-12b through a joint analysis of data obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Spitzer, covering the wavelength range 0.3-5.0 µm. We detect a muted water vapor absorption feature at 1.4 µm attenuated by clouds, as well as a Rayleigh scattering slope in the optical indicative of small particles. We interpret the transmission spectrum using both the state-ofthe-art atmospheric retrieval code SCARLET and the aerosol microphysics model CARMA. These models indicate that the atmosphere of HAT-P-12b is consistent with a broad range of metallicities between several tens to a few hundred times solar, a roughly solar C/O ratio, and moderately efficient vertical mixing. Cloud models that include condensate clouds do not readily generate the sub-micron particles necessary to reproduce the observed Rayleigh scattering slope, while models that incorporate photochemical hazes composed of soot or tholins are able to match the full transmission spectrum. From a complementary analysis of secondary eclipses by Spitzer, we obtain measured depths of 0.042% ± 0.013% and 0.045% ± 0.018% at 3.6 and 4.5 µm, respectively, which are consistent with a blackbody temperature of 890 +60 −70 K and indicate efficient day-night heat recirculation. HAT-P-12b joins the growing number of well-characterized warm planets that underscore the importance of clouds and hazes in our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Optical to Near-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Warm Sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b

Wong

Benneke

Gao

et al. 2020

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“…It is owned and operated by the Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik (AIP). Exoplanet transit photometry with WiFSIP was already performed for GJ 1214b, HAT-P-32b and HAT-P-12b (Mallonn et al 2015a;Seeliger et al 2014;Teske et al 2013). We observed six B band transits of TrES-3 b with WiFSIP (April 12, 25; May 19; June 01, 05, 18, 2016), as well as three transits in the z' band (June 28; July 15, 2016).…”

Section: Stellar Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photometric uncertainties determined by SExtractor yield a reduced χ 2 that is always slightly greater than unity, which indicates underestimated photometric uncertainties. We enlarged the error bars for each light curve by a common factor to produce χ 2 = 1 (Mallonn et al 2015a). We run a first fit to compute the so-called β-factor, introduced by Winn et al (2008), which takes systematic noise in the light curves into account (Pont et al 2006).…”

Section: Light Curve Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission spectroscopy of the hot Jupiter TrES-3 b: Disproof of an overly large Rayleigh-like feature

Mackebrandt

Mallonn

Ohlert

et al. 2017

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Context. Transit events of extrasolar planets offer the opportunity to study the composition of their atmospheres. Previous work on transmission spectroscopy of the close-in gas giant TrES-3 b revealed an increase in absorption towards blue wavelengths of very large amplitude in terms of atmospheric pressure scale heights, too large to be explained by Rayleigh-scattering in the planetary atmosphere.Aims. We present a follow-up study of the optical transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter TrES-3 b to investigate the strong increase in opacity towards short wavelengths found by a previous study. Furthermore, we aim to estimate the effect of stellar spots on the transmission spectrum. Methods. This work uses previously published long slit spectroscopy transit data of the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) and published broad band observations as well as new observations in different bands from the near-UV to the near-IR, for a homogeneous transit light curve analysis. Additionally, a long-term photometric monitoring of the TrES-3 host star was performed. Results. Our newly analysed GTC spectroscopic transit observations show a slope of much lower amplitude than previous studies. We conclude from our results the previously reported increasing signal towards short wavelengths is not intrinsic to the TrES-3 system. Furthermore, the broad band spectrum favours a flat spectrum. Long-term photometric monitoring rules out a significant modification of the transmission spectrum by unocculted star spots.

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“…It models the two components of a stellar binary as spheres for the eclipse shapes and is also frequently used for the light-curve modeling of transiting planets 1 http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/jkt/codes/jktebop.html (e.g., Southworth et al 2015;Mallonn et al 2015). The fitting parameters are the sum of the fractional stellar radii, r 1 + r 2 , and their ratio k = r 2 /r 1 , the orbital inclination i, the eclipse mid time T 0 and the orbital period P. The index "1" refers to the primary component and "2" refers to the secondary component of the binary.…”

Section: Eclipse Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

CoRoT photometry and STELLA spectroscopy of an eccentric, eclipsing, and spotted HgMn binary with sub-synchronized rotation

Strassmeier

Granzer

Mallonn

et al. 2016

A&A

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Context. We report the discovery and analysis of very narrow transits in the eccentric spectroscopic binary HSS 348 (IC 4756). Aims. The aim is to characterize the full HSS 348 system. Methods. We obtained high-precision CoRoT photometry over two long runs and multi-epoch high-resolution échelle spectroscopy and imaging with STELLA. Standard radial-velocity extraction, spectrum synthesis, Fourier analysis, and light-curve inversions are applied to the data. Results. HSS 348 is found to be an eccentric (e = 0.18) double-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 12.47 d in which at least the primary component is a peculiar B star of the HgMn class. The orbital elements are such that the system undergoes a grazing eclipse with the primary in front but no secondary eclipse. The out-of-eclipse light variations show four nearly equidistant but unequal minima stable in shape and amplitude throughout our observations. Their individual photometric periods are all harmonics of the same fundamental period which happens to agree with the transit period to within the errors. We interpret the fundamental period to be the rotation period of at least one if not both stars due to surface inhomogeneities. Due to the non-zero eccentricity of the orbit the two components are rotating sub-synchronously.Conclusions. It appears that HSS 348 is not a member of the IC 4756 cluster but a background B8+B8.5 binary system. Its sharp eclipses every 12.47 days just mimic a small-body transit but are in reality the grazing eclipses of a B-star binary and thus a classical false positive. The system seems to be pre-main sequence with the primary possibly just arrived on the ZAMS. The light curve with four unequal minima can be explained with four cool spots of different size equidistantly positioned in longitude. Our data do not allow to uniquely assign the spots to either of the two stars.

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Broad-band spectrophotometry of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-12b from the near-UV to the near-IR

Cited by 56 publications

References 62 publications

Optical to Near-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Warm Sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b

Optical to Near-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Warm Sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b

Transmission spectroscopy of the hot Jupiter TrES-3 b: Disproof of an overly large Rayleigh-like feature

CoRoT photometry and STELLA spectroscopy of an eccentric, eclipsing, and spotted HgMn binary with sub-synchronized rotation

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