Broad Leaved Weed’s Seed Bank and Flora Dynamics in Wheat as Affected by Different Herbicides

Abstract

| To research out an efficient chemical remedy of broad-leaved weeds in winter wheat at Pothwar Region of Pakistan, a study was performed during 2016-17 at University Research Farm Chakwal Road Rawalpindi. Four herbicides were used as once and twice application, i.e., Buctril Super (Bromoxinil 30% with MCPA 30% w/v), Ally Max (Metsulfuron Methyl 14.3% w/w with Tribenuron Methyl 14.3% w/w), Starane M (Fluroxypyre 10% with MCPA 40% w/w) and Clean wave (Aminopyralid 1% with Fluroxypyre14% w/w) at recommended doses. A weedy check and a weed free plot were also kept for comparison. Results showed that in comparison to control plot (weedy check), there was 73.41% increase in the grain yield of wheat where double spray of Ally Max was done and it was followed by 58.28%, 54.78%, 51.28% and 36.59% where double spray of clean wave, Buctril Super, Starane Mand single hand weeding were applied respectively. Similarly, there was 70.1% decrease in the seed bank of weeds where Starane M was sprayed twice as compared with control plot which was followed by 69.17%, 69%, 61.39% and 45.18% decrease where Ally Max twice, Buctril Super twice, clean wave twice and once hand weeding were applied respectively. So, resultantly, it is concluded that twice application of all tested herbicides gave best results for controlling flora and weeds seed bank of prevailing weeds which significantly increased the wheat yield. So, twice application of Starane M, Ally Max, Buctril Super and Clean Wave herbicides is recommended to improve the productivity of wheat along with efficient control of weed seed bank and weed flora in wheat under rain-fed conditions of Pothwar Region of Pakistan.

Effect of Inorganic and Organic Weed Management Practices on Growth and Economics in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…It was also noticed that the number of tillers were increased up to 90th day of crop growth and thereafter, it decreased slightly, which might be due to the not bearing ability of their panicles. Similar results have also been reported by Ali et al [15,19,20,18].…”

“…It is also appeared worthy that the treatments like weed free and hand weeding were not found to be economical in comparison to the organic as well as inorganic weed management practices because of high expenditure involved in keeping the plots free of weeds and in hand weeding. the organic and inorganic weed management practices, the better net return and return per rupee investment was mainly due to less increase in cost of cultivation as compared to weed free and hand weeding [15,21] also reported similar results. Further, mulching soil with straw and plastic film can sustain wheat yield and profitability [3,22].…”

“…ha -1 ) (102.95 cm) and Halauxifen methyl 6.95% + w/w Pyroxsulam 25% w/w/WG @ 19.71g a.i. ha -1 at 35 DAS (102.72 cm) [15,16,17,18]. also reported the increased plant height after the adoption of similar weed management practices over weedy check in wheat.…”

Weed Management in Wheat: A Review

“…The plants were smaller in size when exposed to these two herbicides as compared to any other herbicide. Along with their impact on overall growth, these were also reported to induce oxidative stress in crop plants (Ali et al, 2004). As a consequence of these chemical herbicides a reduction in nodulation was also seen when specific doses of isoproturon, atrazine and metribuzin in green gram was applied.…”

The evaluation of total weed density and seed bank of agricultural landscapes as an example of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

“…The findings of L. Butkeviciene et al (2021) experimentally confirmed that in the context of climate change and intensive agriculture, long-term crop rotations increase crop productivity, reduce weeds and the weed seed bank in the soil, and thus contribute to maintaining the resilience of the agroecosystem. The initial field studies by S. Ali et al (2022) on the effectiveness of weed control showed that one of the ways to improve the protective functions of grain-growing technology is the double use of herbicides. Thus, the authors believe, on a reliable scientific basis, that double treatment of wheat crops is accompanied by a 73% increase in grain yield, as well as a significant clearing of crops from weed seeds in the soil.…”