Broadband-cascaded four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber around 1 μm

Generation of broadband cascaded four-wave mixing products pumped in the anomalous dispersion regimes

“…However the CFWM centered at 1 µm has potential applications in the frequency comb which can cover visible and telecommunication windows simultaneously. Although reference [10] achieved broadband CFWM centered at 1 µm, the relative intensities of the peaks were not very high. In this work, we investigate the generation of broadband CFWM products centered at 1 µm in PCFs for their flexible design of the dispersion profile.…”

“…Recently, CFWM has drawn much attention not only for its important contribution to supercontinuum (SC) generation [1,2] but also for its potential applications, such as a multi-wavelength source for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems [3], generation of soliton trains at high repetition rates [4], frequency combs for metrology [5] etc. Until now, there have been several ways to generate CFWM: in a simple ring resonator [6,7], and in passive fibers pumped by high power signals with [3,8] or without [9][10][11][12][13] feedback etc. Among the passive fibers, highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) [3, 7-9, 11, 12] and photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) [10,12,13] were mostly used for their high nonlinearity.…”

“…Until now, there have been several ways to generate CFWM: in a simple ring resonator [6,7], and in passive fibers pumped by high power signals with [3,8] or without [9][10][11][12][13] feedback etc. Among the passive fibers, highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) [3, 7-9, 11, 12] and photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) [10,12,13] were mostly used for their high nonlinearity. Most of the generated CFWM products mentioned above were centered around 1.5 µm.…”

Cascaded four-wave mixing seeded by two continuous wave signals

“…In previous studies, some groups achieved CFWM in microresonators [4], while most CFWM products were generated in passive fibers with two high-power pumps. They chose highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) [5][6][7][8], photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) [8,9], and also conventional fibers [8] as the passive fibers. Among the different kinds of fibers, PCF shows the advantages of dispersion management due to the great flexibility provided by the photonic crystal cladding [10], so PCF is the promising nonlinear medium for broadband CFWM generation, which requires pumping near the zero-dispersion wavelength [8].…”

“…Among the different kinds of fibers, PCF shows the advantages of dispersion management due to the great flexibility provided by the photonic crystal cladding [10], so PCF is the promising nonlinear medium for broadband CFWM generation, which requires pumping near the zero-dispersion wavelength [8]. The three common pump methods are two pulses [7,8], two continuous waves (CWs) [6][7][8][9][10][11], or a pulse with a CW [5]. In order to obtain broadband CFWM, high-peak-power lasers are preferred.…”