With the escalating demand for clean and sustainable
energy sources,
hydrogen emerges as a paramount contender, necessitating efficient
and innovative production methods of water splitting. This review ventures into the burgeoning field of yolk@shell nanostructures
and their pivotal role in advancing water splitting technologies.
The synthesis, unique properties, and multifaceted applications of
yolk@shell nanostructures across electrocatalytic (EC), photocatalytic
(PC), and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting processes are
evaluated. We start with a brief introduction to various synthetic
strategies, including template-assisted formation, the Kirkendall
effect, galvanic replacement, and Ostwald ripening, each contributing
to the tailored construction of yolk@shell nanostructures with enhanced
catalytic efficiencies. Highlights are put on the significant advancements
in utilizing these nanostructures to optimize EC activities, PC hydrogen
production rates, and PEC water splitting efficiency. Furthermore,
we address the challenges of integrating hydrogen generation with
valuable compound production, near-infrared photoactivity, and seawater
splitting, underscoring the necessity for innovation and the potential
for yolk@shell nanostructures in diversifying energy conversion systems.
Through a comprehensive analysis, this review not only showcases the
current developments but also outlines prospects, emphasizing the
critical importance of yolk@shell nanostructures in the sustainable
energy landscape.