mode conversion, because both 15 GHz and 9 GHz conditions cannot be satisfied at the same time. The final design of the mode converter is shown in Figure 2. Three dielectric rods are located at the center of the waveguide. Two of these have r ¼ 0.515 mm and the remainder have a half cross-section radius of 0.36 mm in order to decrease electromagnetic reflection. Nine dielectric rods are placed from the center of the waveguide to near the sidewall with increasing radius of the rods r and with constant a ¼ 9.54 mm. Table 1 shows the relation between the distance d and radius r. The S parameters between the input port (Port 1) and output port (Port 2) are calculated using the HFSS software by Ansoft and the results are shown as solid lines in Figures 4(a) and 4(b). The electromagnetic waves pass through as the TE 10 mode for 7-11.2 GHz and are converted to the TE 20 mode for 14.1-16.1 GHz under a condition of over 95% efficiency. However, as the TE 20 mode is not sufficiently small under À15 dB, optimization of the design is necessary for reduction of reflections. Although reflection as TE 20 is not small at high frequency, if a coaxial waveguide converter is used for the introduction of electromagnetic waves to a waveguide, odd mode may not have a strong influence on even symmetry structure.
SIMPLE FABRICATION METHODFor the fabrication of a mode converter, such as, the Type A illustrated in Figure 5(a), it is necessary to locate the dielectric rods in the waveguide without a gap at top and bottom. Such a structure may be difficult to fabricate. As a solution, holes with diameter 0.2 mm larger than the rods were fabricated at the top of the waveguide and the dielectric rods were inserted [Type B,
CONCLUSIONSWe have previously reported that single-mode propagation is available for a metallic waveguide with dielectric rods arrayed at the center of a waveguide using the TE 10 mode and the TE 20 mode. However, a TE 20 -like mode, which is propagated in the second band, is an odd mode, and generation is not easy. In this investigation, a mode converter is proposed, which passes through the TE 10 mode for the low frequency range and converts TE 10 to the TE 20 mode for the high frequency range by small variation in the group velocity. It was shown that the electromagnetic waves pass through as the TE 10 mode for 7-11.2 GHz and are converted to the TE 20 mode for 14.1-16.1 GHz under a condition of over 95% efficiency. ABSTRACT: A very small size planar two-strip monopole printed on a thin (0.4 mm) FR4 substrate for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz triple-band WLAN operation in the laptop computer is presented. With the aid of an embedded chip inductor of 5.6 nH in the longer strip of the printed monopole, a much reduced strip length for obtaining the resonant mode at about 2.4 GHz is obtained, thereby leading to a much reduced size of the antenna for the desired WLAN operation. When the antenna is mounted along the top edge of the display ground, it shows a height of 9 mm and a length of 6 mm only, which is about the smallest among the tr...