Broadband Price Index in Europe

Abstract

This article analyzes the determinants of the "Broadband Price Index" in Europe. The data used refer to 28 European countries between 2016 and 2021. The database used is the Digital, Economy and Society Index-DESI of the European Commission. The data were analyzed using the following econometric techniques, namely Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS and Dynamic Panel. The value of the "Broadband Price Index" is positively associated with the DESI Index, and "Connectivity" while it is negatively associated with "Fixed Broadband Take Up", "Fixed Broadband Coverage", "Mobile Broadband", "e-Government", "Advanced Skills and Development", "Integration of Digital Technology", "At Least Basic Digital Skills ", "Above Basic Digital Skills "," At Least Basic Software Skills ". A cluster analysis was carried out below using the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient. The analysis revealed the existence of three clusters. Finally, an analysis of the machine learning algorithms was carried out to predict the future value of the "Broadband Price Index". The result shows that the most useful algorithm for prediction is the Artificial Neural Network-ANN with an estimated value equal to an amount of 9.21%.

k-Means Clusterization and Machine Learning Prediction of European Most Cited Scientific Publications

“…That is, in the numerator they consider the value of the companies that have a maximum download speed and, in the denominator, the total number of companies. Broadband [26] penetration is a necessary factor for Europe's economic growth from the point of view of digitization and the information economy. The fact that there are many companies that have access to fast broadband opens greater possibilities for the national economy to achieve greater levels of economic growth.…”

ICT Specialists in Europe

“…The possibility for ICT workers to participate in the wide phenomenon of digitization essentially depends on the complex of training tools made available to Russian students and workers through the university system and through training within companies. Furthermore, it should also be considered that the presence of ICT specialists can be significantly associated with broadband penetration [21], fixed broadband [22], the price of broadband [23] ,egovernment [24], and the technologies used in production lines [25]. The article continues as follows: the second paragraph presents an analysis of the correlation matrix, the third paragraph contains an analysis of econometric models, the fourth paragraph refers to predictive analysis, the fifth paragraph analyzes the prediction with use of augmented data, the sixth paragraph concludes.…”

ICT Specialists in Europe

“…The possibility for ICT workers to participate in the wide phenomenon of digitization essentially depends on the complex of training tools made available to Russian students and workers through the university system and through training within companies. Furthermore, it should also be considered that the presence of ICT specialists can be significantly associated with broadband penetration [21], fixed broadband [22], the price of broadband [23] ,egovernment [24], and the technologies used in production lines [25]. The article continues as follows: the second paragraph presents an analysis of the correlation matrix, the third paragraph contains an analysis of econometric models, the fourth paragraph refers to predictive analysis, the fifth paragraph analyzes the prediction with use of augmented data, the sixth paragraph concludes.…”