“…In recent years, photonic devices based on LNOI, including waveguides [6,7], microring resonators [1,8], microdisk resonators [9][10][11], and photonic crystal cavities [12,13] have been developed. On-chip functionalities, such as second harmonic generation [13][14][15][16][17][18], electro-optic modulator [3,[19][20][21][22][23], and optical frequency comb [24,25], have experienced rapid progress with the above-mentioned LNOI micro-/nanodevices. Importantly, many integrated on-chip lithium niobate (LN) devices developed recently already feature low propagation losses [6][7][8]10], which is critical for practical applications.…”