Broadband terahertz spectroscopy: principles, fundamental research and potential for industrial applications

Zouaghi, Wissem; Thomson, Mark D.; Rabia, K.; Hahn, R. E.; Blank, Volker; Roskos, Hartmut G.

doi:10.1088/0143-0807/34/6/s179

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It can be clearly seen that the number of terahertz publications started to increase significantly around 1990. This is shortly after development of photoconductive dipole antenna for generating terahertz radiation with ultrashort laser pulses [45,46], which was the onset for the intense evaluation and usage of time-domain terahertz spectroscopy [1,5,11,14,15,17,47,48]. However, the diagram also shows previous extensive activity under the earlier synonyms "far infrared" and "sub-millimeter waves" and the number of publications with these terms simultaneously stagnated in the nineties.…”

Section: Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial applications being explored by commercially oriented companies are coming progressively more and more into focus [1][2][3][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More detailed information will be presented for the market in the so-called DACH (German-speaking Europe comprising Germany (D), Austria (A), and Switzerland (CH)) region. The focus is on economic and market aspects, because the scientific and engineering possibilities as well as potential applications such as in plastics, chemical, pharmaceutical, food and crops industry or security are already well known, discussed and published [2,5,[14][15][16][17]21].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Markets, Availability, Notice, and Technical Performance of Terahertz Systems: Historic Development, Present, and Trends

Hochrein

2014

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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Although a lot of work has already been done under the older terms "far infrared" or "sub-millimeter waves", the term "terahertz" stands for a novel technique offering many potential applications. The latter term also represents a new generation of systems with the opportunity for coherent, time-resolved detection. In addition to the well-known technical opportunities, an historical examination of Internet usage, as well as the number of publications and patent applications, confirms ongoing interest in this technique. These activities' annual growth rate is between 9 % and 21 %. The geographical distribution shows the center of terahertz activities. A shift from the scientific to more application-oriented research can be observed. We present a survey among worldwide terahertz suppliers with special focus on the European region and the use of terahertz systems in the field of measurement and analytical applications. This reveals the current state of terahertz systems' commercial and geographical availability as well as their costs, target markets, and technical performance. Component cost distribution using the example of an optical pulsed time-domain terahertz system gives an impression of the prevailing cost structure. The predication regarding prospective market development, decreasing system costs and higher availability shows a convenient situation for potential users and interested customers. The causes are primarily increased competition and larger quantities in the future.

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Section: Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial applications being explored by commercially oriented companies are coming progressively more and more into focus [1][2][3][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Markets, Availability, Notice, and Technical Performance of Terahertz Systems: Historic Development, Present, and Trends

Hochrein

2014

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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“…In addition to many other THz applications [25][26][27][28][29], the optical properties of graphene make it particularly suitable to be employed in an important class of THz devices, namely polarization converters. Although the THz technology for generation and control of light polarization is still in its infancy, recently significant progress has been made in this area of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization control using passive and active crossed graphene gratings

You

Panoiu

2018

Opt. Express

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Graphene gratings provide a promising route towards the miniaturization of THz metasurfaces and other photonic devices, chiefly due to remarkable optical properties of graphene. In this paper, we propose novel graphene nanostructures for passive and active control of the polarization state of THz waves. The proposed devices are composed of two crossed graphene gratings separated by an insulator spacer. Because of specific linear and nonlinear properties of graphene, these optical metasurfaces can be utilized as ultrathin polarization converters operating in the THz frequency domain. In particular, our study shows that properly designed graphene polarizers can effectively select specific polarization states, their thickness being about a tenth of the operating wavelength and size more than 80× smaller than that of similar metallic devices.Equally important, we demonstrate that the nonlinear optical properties of graphene can be utilized to actively control the polarization state of generated higher harmonics.

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“…The terahertz spectral range refers to the frequency band between 300 GHz and 3000 GHz [1], or vacuum wavelengths of 1 millimeter to 100 micrometers (Figure 1.1). This chapter introduces the primary applications that take advantage of this frequency range, reviews the development of GaAs Schottky diode technology, which is crucial to THz metrology, and provides a statement of current issues in diode technology that are addressed in subsequent chapters.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submillimeter-Wave Quasi-Vertical GaAs Schottky Diodes Integrated on Silicon Membranes

Alijabbari¹

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GaAs Schottky diodes are the central component of Terahertz (THz) metrology instrumentation. The frequency translating property of the Schottky diode is used in ground and space based observatories and for characterization of other THz devices. As detectors, GaAs Schottky diodes are used for measuring signal power levels, as mixers they are used in heterodyne receivers, and as variable capacitors they are used in frequency multipliers.The focus of this dissertation is the integration of GaAs Schottky diodes on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate carriers to better control the device parasitics and to accommodate assembly of fully integrated diode-based circuits. During research into this process, a unique quasi-vertical diode geometry was developed in which the ohmic contact lies directly below the Schottky anode. While similar in concept to the first whisker contacted Schottky diodes, the quasi-vertical diode is nevertheless a planar device that is readily integrated with other components supported by the SOI substrate, including beamleads for electrical connection. To illustrate the advantages of this technology, 40-to-80 GHz doublers and a new 40-to-160 GHz quadrupler were designed and implemented using the quasi-vertical diodes and heterogeneous integration methods developed in this research. These multipliers are the first demonstrated fully-integrated GaAs varactor circuits fabricated on SOI, yielding record performance in multiplication efficiency, and demonstrating the benefits of the novel diode architecture and substrate replacement technology.ii

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Broadband terahertz spectroscopy: principles, fundamental research and potential for industrial applications

Cited by 56 publications

References 38 publications

Markets, Availability, Notice, and Technical Performance of Terahertz Systems: Historic Development, Present, and Trends

Markets, Availability, Notice, and Technical Performance of Terahertz Systems: Historic Development, Present, and Trends

Polarization control using passive and active crossed graphene gratings

Submillimeter-Wave Quasi-Vertical GaAs Schottky Diodes Integrated on Silicon Membranes

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