“…It is, thus, essential to regulate the hole concentration for sintered materials of p-type Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 or similar compositions. Usually, the nonequivalent element doping, such as Ag, Cu, Mn, Mg, Pb, Cd, Zn, or Ca, can effectively increase the hole concentration. ,,− Moreover, doping with the chalcogenides of these elements can also introduce various defects into the Bi 2 Te 3 -based matrix and reduce κ lat for higher TE performance. Especially, (Cu, Ag) 2 X (X = S, Se, and Te) are typical “phonon-liquid electron-crystal” materials, which have attracted wide attention due to their extremely low κ lat . , Actually, Cu 2 Se doping in Bi 2 Te 3 and Cu 2 Te doping in SnTe have been proved to effectively reduce κ lat . , …”