Brodifacoum is effective against Norway rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) in a tyrosine139cysteine focus of anticoagulant resistance in Westphalia, Germany

Buckle, Alan; Klemann, Nicole; Prescott, Colin

doi:10.1002/ps.3352

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is known that brodifacoum is the most toxic anticoagulant, that is why many researchers define it as a strategic rodenticide in pest control and recommend its use to control AC resistant populations (19,33,34). Our results entirely support this thesis -100% of the studied rodents were sensitive to brodifacoum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Anticoagulant Resistance in Synanthropic Rodents in the Stara Zagora Region, Bulgaria

Zhelev

Koev

Dimitrov³

et al. 2019

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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The anticoagulant rodenticides are the most commonly used toxicants to control rodents nowadays. Therefore, developing resistance to them is an issue of great importance for pest control. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of synanthropic rodents in the Stara Zagora region, Bulgaria to some of the most significant first (warfarin and coumatetralyl) and second (bromadiolone and brodifacoum) generation anticoagulants. Resistance tests were carried out by a standard protocol using lethal feeding period tests and blood clotting response tests according to the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (Paris, France) standard. Studies were performed on 278 wild synanthropic rodents -67 house mice (Mus musculus), 153 roof rats (Rattus rattus) and 58 brown rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rodents belonged to 11 populations inhabiting 9 animal farms in the region of Stara Zagora, Southern Bulgaria. High-level resistance to warfarinwas established in 100% of surveyed house mice and 92.1% of roof rats. Resistance to coumatetralyl was registered in 62.5% of the tested roof rats. Low-level resistance to bromadiolone was found in 38.5% of the surveyed roof rats and 23.1% of house mice. There was no resistance registered in brown rats. The sensitivity of all three rodent species to the strategic anticoagulant brodifacoum was high, and there were no signs of resistance. The results proved the resistance among synanthropic rodents and led to the conclusion that the resistance in house mice and roof rats to warfarin and coumatetralyl tends to be the main issue in pest control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Anticoagulant Resistance in Synanthropic Rodents in the Stara Zagora Region, Bulgaria

Zhelev

Koev

Dimitrov³

et al. 2019

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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“…Given the large number of R. norvegicus in the Netherlands that have the Tyr139Cys genotype in the homozygous state, this could have serious implications. In another study in Münsterland, Germany, it was reported that 0.005% brodifacoum is still effective against rodents with the Tyr139Cys (when heterozygous) mutation . An overview of the current status of the efficacy of active substances in the Netherlands is presented in Table .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strain Tyr139Cys is resistant to warfarin, and the majority of rats are resistant to bromadiolone as well as to coumatetralyl: neither bromadiolone nor difenacoum provides a sufficient level of control . On the other hand, brodifacoum has been found to be fully effective against R. norvegicus with the Tyr139Cys mutation in Germany …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance inRattus norvegicusin the Netherlands according toVkorc1mutations

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUNDRodenticide resistance to anticoagulants in Rattus norvegicus will lead to increased difficulties in combating these pest animals. Here, the authors present the results of a survey in the Netherlands where tissue samples and droppings were tested using a newly developed TaqMan PCR test for genotypic variation at codon 139 in the Vkorc1 gene associated with anticoagulant rodenticide resistance. Test results are linked to results of a questionnaire that was conducted among pest controllers.RESULTSGenetic mutations at codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene in R. norvegicus can be encountered in many parts of the Netherlands. In 34/61 rat tails, a genotype was found that is linked to anticoagulant rodenticide resistance (56%). In droppings, 42/169 samples (25%) showed a resistance-mediating genotype. In addition, indications of a clear genetic substructure in the Netherlands were found. In some regions, only resistance-mediating genotypes were found, corroborating results from the questionnaire in which pest controllers indicated they suspected resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to demonstrate the presence of multiple genetic mutations at codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene in R. norvegicus in the Netherlands. As rodenticides should keep their efficacy because they are a last resort in rodent management, more studies are urgently needed that link specific genetic mutations to the efficacy of active substances. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…The concentrations detected vary among WWTP, and again, the observed differences may be attributed to specific usage of ARs in each area. Finally, brodifacoum, the most toxic of the SGAR (Buckle et al 2012) was only detected in WWTP 15 and WWTP 27, with concentrations of 15.2 and 17.4 ng g −1 , respectively (Table 3).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides In Sludgementioning

confidence: 94%

Comprehensive characterization of anticoagulant rodenticides in sludge by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Gómez‐Canela

Lacorte

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The occurrence of 10 commonly used anticoagulant rodenticides in centrifuged sludge of 27 wastewater treatment plants was evaluated using solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Activated carbon, alumina, and Florisil cartridges with methanol/dichloromethane as eluting solvents were tested in combination with primary-secondary amine (PSA) to optimize an efficient sample cleanup. PSA in combination with Florisil was the best methodology to extract anticoagulant rodenticides in sludge providing recoveries between 42 ± 0.5 and 100 ± 2 %. Warfarin, bromadiolone, ferulenol, and coumachlor were the most ubiquitous compounds in sludge at concentrations up to 84.2 ng g(-1) for the latter. Coumatetralyl, dicoumarol, and brodifacoum were detected sporadically at levels between 6.1 and 17.4 ng g(-1). On the contrary, acenocoumarol, difenacoum, and flocoumafen were not detected in any sample. Finally, we estimated the amount of anticoagulant rodenticides discharged via sludge in order to determine the potential impact to agricultural soil according to different sludge usage practices in the region investigated. This study demonstrates that anticoagulant rodenticides are accumulated in sludge during activated sludge treatment and that the application of sludge as fertilizers may pose a future environmental risk, if not controlled.

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Brodifacoum is effective against Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in a tyrosine139cysteine focus of anticoagulant resistance in Westphalia, Germany

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Anticoagulant Resistance in Synanthropic Rodents in the Stara Zagora Region, Bulgaria

Anticoagulant Resistance in Synanthropic Rodents in the Stara Zagora Region, Bulgaria

Distribution of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance inRattus norvegicusin the Netherlands according toVkorc1mutations

Comprehensive characterization of anticoagulant rodenticides in sludge by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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