Bromamine T (BAT) Exerts Stronger Anti-Cancer Properties than Taurine (Tau)

Abstract

Background: Taurine (Tau) ameliorates cancer pathogenesis. Researchers have focused on the functional properties of bromamine T (BAT), a stable active bromine molecule. Both N-bromotaurine (TauNHBr) and BAT exert potent anti-inflammatory properties, but the landscape remains obscure concerning the anti-cancer effect of BAT. Methods: We used Crystal Violet, colony formation, flow cytometry and Western blot experiments to evaluate the effect of BAT and Tau on the apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells. Xenograft experiments were used to determine the in vivo cytotoxicity of either agent. Results: We demonstrated that both BAT and Tau inhibited the growth of human colon, breast, cervical and skin cancer cell lines. Among them, BAT exerted the greatest cytotoxic effect on both RKO and MDA-MB-468 cells. In particular, BAT increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK½), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK½), thereby inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy in RKO cells. In contrast, Tau exerted its cytotoxic effect by upregulating JNK½ forms, thus triggering mitochondrial apoptosis in RKO cells. Accordingly, colon cancer growth was impaired in vivo. Conclusions: BAT and Tau exerted their anti-tumor properties through the induction of (i) mitochondrial apoptosis, (ii) the MAPK family, and iii) autophagy, providing novel anti-cancer therapeutic modalities.

Bromamine-T (TsNBrNa): A Biologically Significant, Versatile Bromo-Organic Reagent

“…The therapeutic efficacy as well as the anti-tumour or anti-cancer properties of bromamine-T and taurine were established, when they were found to inhibit the growth of colon, breast, cervical, as well as skin cancer cells. 22 Marcinkiewicz and co-workers found that bromamine-T (BAT) exhibit potent microbicidal activity against yeasts and bacteria. They found that BAT exhibits better activity than taurine bromamine (Tau-NHBr) for treatment of infectious diseases associated with inflammatory response.…”

“…The therapeutic efficacy as well as the antitumour/anticancer properties of bromamine-T and taurine were established after they were found to inhibit the growth of colon, breast, cervical, and skin cancer cells. 22…”

Bromamine T, a stable active bromine compound, prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response

“…BAT has been illustrated to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects to a similar extent as those of TauNHBr (38). In particular, BAT retains potent anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential in vitro (38,40). The anti-inflammatory effect of BAT is mediated by reducing the protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12p40, with its most prominent effect emerging in the inhibition of IL-12p40 protein expression, as confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments (38).…”

Modeling of Intracellular Taurine Levels Associated with Ovarian Cancer Reveals Activation of p53, ERK, mTOR and DNA-damage-sensing-dependent Cell Protection

“…Taurine, in most cells, can be transported into cells via a sodium/chloridedependent symporter, SLC6A6 36 . A few recent reports provided evidence that taurine supplementation suppresses the growth of colon, cervical and endometrioid cancer cells [37][38][39] ; however, the role of taurine in OC growth suppression is poorly understood.…”