Bromide levels in natural waters: its relationship to levels of both chloride and total dissolved solids and the implications for water treatment

Magazinovic, Rodney S; Nicholson, Brenton C.; Mulcahy, Dennis; Davey, David E.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.056

Cited by 228 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is noted that the redox potentials of the Cl À containing radicals are much lower than 2.6 V of sulfate radicals [14]. Furthermore, the generated Cl ÀÅ 2 and Cl Å could further react with itself to form Cl 2 and Cl À [31,32]. CO 2À 3 and HCO À 3 are the good scavengers for hydroxyl radicals, similar findings were reported everywhere [33].…”

Section: Effect Of Coexisting Inorganic Anionssupporting

confidence: 79%

Thermally activated persulfate (TAP) oxidation of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine in water

Deng

Shao

Gao

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Journal

242

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Section: Effect Of Coexisting Inorganic Anionssupporting

confidence: 79%

Thermally activated persulfate (TAP) oxidation of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine in water

Deng

Shao

Gao

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Journal

242

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“…Alternative methods, like the estimation from other measured parameters considering constant ratios (i.e. Br/Cl or Br/TDS - Magazinovic et al 2004), apart from being imprecise, are also unnecessary. For example using the Br/Cl ratio of 410 reported in Magazinovic et al (2004) only 16 samples of our dataset would result in Br − levels of above 1 mg/l.…”

Section: Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Survey on fluoride, bromide and chloride contents in public drinking water supplies in Sicily (Italy)

D’Alessandro

Bellomo

Parello

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Six hundred and sixty-seven water samples were collected from public drinking water supplies in Sicily and analysed for electric conductivity and for their Cl(-), Br(-) and F(-) contents. The samples were, as far as possible, collected evenly over the entire territory with an average sampling density of about one sample for every 7,600 inhabitants. The contents of Cl(-) and Br(-), ranging between 5.53 and 1,302 mg/l and between <0.025 and 4.76 mg/l respectively, correlated well with the electric conductivity, a parameter used as a proxy for water salinity. The highest values were found both along the NW and SE coasts, which we attributed to seawater contamination, and in the central part of Sicily, which we attributed to evaporitic rock dissolution. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.023 to 3.28 mg/l, while the highest values (only three exceeding the maximum admissible concentration of 1.5 mg/l) generally correlated either with the presence in the area of crystalline (volcanic or metamorphic) or evaporitic rocks or with contamination from hydrothermal activity. Apart from these limited cases of exceeding F(-) levels, the waters of public drinking water supplies in Sicily can be considered safe for human consumption for the analysed parameters. Some limited concern could arise from the intake of bromide-rich waters (about 3% exceeding 1 mg/l) because of the potential formation of dangerous disinfection by-products.

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“…Since their discovery, several hundred individual DBPs compounds have been identified, many of which are halogenated (Richardson et al, 2007;von Gunten, 2003). The presence of bromide (Br À ) and iodide (I À ) in source waters can result in the formation of brominated and/or iodinated DBPs upon exposure to natural organic matter (NOM) and disinfectant, which are often more toxic than their chlorinated analogues (Magazinovic et al, 2004;Plewa et al, 2004;Richardson, 2003;Richardson et al, 2007;von Gunten, 2003). Both natural processes, including seawater intrusion and dissolution of geologic sources, and anthropogenic activities, such as seawater desalination, generation of mining tailings, chemical production, production of sewage and industrial effluents, may contribute to bromide concentrations in drinking water sources (Magazinovic et al, 2004;Richardson et al, 2007;von Gunten, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The presence of bromide (Br À ) and iodide (I À ) in source waters can result in the formation of brominated and/or iodinated DBPs upon exposure to natural organic matter (NOM) and disinfectant, which are often more toxic than their chlorinated analogues (Magazinovic et al, 2004;Plewa et al, 2004;Richardson, 2003;Richardson et al, 2007;von Gunten, 2003). Both natural processes, including seawater intrusion and dissolution of geologic sources, and anthropogenic activities, such as seawater desalination, generation of mining tailings, chemical production, production of sewage and industrial effluents, may contribute to bromide concentrations in drinking water sources (Magazinovic et al, 2004;Richardson et al, 2007;von Gunten, 2003). Similarly, seawater intrusion, seawater desalination and dissolution of geologic sources contribute to iodide concentrations in drinking water sources (Agus et al, 2009;Hua et al, 2006;von Gunten, 2003), although biological activity of microorganisms and marine algae can contribute to iodide removal from water sources through specific metabolic processes (Suzuki et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Strategies for the removal of halides from drinking water sources, and their applicability in disinfection by-product minimisation: A critical review

Watson

Farré

Knight

2012

Journal of Environmental Management

126

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The presence of bromide (Br(-)) and iodide (I(-)) in source waters leads to the formation of brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are often more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. The increasing scarcity of water resources in Australia is leading to use of impaired and alternative water supplies with high bromide and iodide levels, which may result in the production of more brominated and iodinated DBPs. This review aims to provide a summary of research into bromide and iodide removal from drinking water sources. Bromide and iodide removal techniques have been broadly classified into three categories, namely; membrane, electrochemical and adsorptive techniques. Reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and electrodialysis membrane techniques are reviewed. The electrochemical techniques discussed are electrolysis, capacitive deionization and membrane capacitive deionization. Studies on bromide and iodide removal using adsorptive techniques including; layered double hydroxides, impregnated activated carbons, carbon aerogels, ion exchange resins, aluminium coagulation and soils are also assessed. Halide removal techniques have been compared, and areas for future research have been identified.

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Bromide levels in natural waters: its relationship to levels of both chloride and total dissolved solids and the implications for water treatment

Cited by 228 publications

References 18 publications

Thermally activated persulfate (TAP) oxidation of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine in water

Thermally activated persulfate (TAP) oxidation of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine in water

Survey on fluoride, bromide and chloride contents in public drinking water supplies in Sicily (Italy)

Strategies for the removal of halides from drinking water sources, and their applicability in disinfection by-product minimisation: A critical review

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