Brominated and phosphorus flame retardants in White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla nestlings: Bioaccumulation and associations with dietary proxies (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S)

Eulaers, Igor; Jaspers, Veerle L.B.; Halley, Duncan J.; Lepoint, Gilles; Nygård, Torgeir; Pinxten, Rianne; Covaci, Adrian; Eens, Marcel

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.051

Cited by 87 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In the herring gulls of the Great Lakes, metabolically inactive tissues, such as fat, egg yolk, egg albumin, muscle and red blood cells, contained relatively higher OPFR concentrations, whereas no OPFRs were detected in the liver and plasma (Greaves and Letcher, 2014). In surveys of white-tailed eagle nestlings in Norway, the levels of OPFRs detected in feathers were much higher than those detected in other tissues (Eulaers et al, 2014).…”

Section: Internal Exposurementioning

confidence: 88%

“…Because OPFRs are present in biota, it is possible for predators at the top of the food chain to consume more OPFRs (Eulaers et al, 2014). Studies have shown that TBOEP, TCIPP and TCEP can spread in the benthic and pelagic food web and be detected in predators (e.g., sculpin, plaice, goby, sole and tern) (Brandsma et al, 2015).…”

Section: Absorption Routes In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For terrestrial birds and mammals, OPFRs can also be absorbed by ingestion of food and water. However, few studies have focused on this route of absorption, except for a study in White-tailed Eagles, in which diet was identified to be the primary means of OPFR absorption (Eulaers et al, 2014).…”

Section: Absorption Routes In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma can equilibrate with internal tissues and can be easily and non-destructively sampled. Thus, plasma is commonly used as sampling matrice to represent the internal body burden of OPFRs (Eulaers et al, 2014). In the aforementioned studies, OPFRs tend to accumulate in storage organs or metabolically inactive tissues, such as fat, egg and feather.…”

Section: Internal Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research

2016

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h i g h l i g h t sThe absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism and internal exposure of OPFRs are reviewed. Inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact are the main OPFRs absorptionpathways for humans. General in vivo and in vitro metabolic pathways of three different types of OPFRs are proposed. DAPs and MAPs are considered as putative biomarkers for the assessment of internal exposure of OPFRs in humans. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tDue to their widespread use, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are commonly detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants. Considering the adverse effects of OPFRs, many researchers have paid their attention on the absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism and internal exposure processes of OPFRs in animals and humans. In this article, we first review the diverse absorption routes of OPFRs by animals and humans (e.g., inhalation, ingestion, dermal absorption and gill absorption). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification potentials of OPFRs in different types of organisms and food webs are also summarized, based on quite limited available data and results. For metabolism, we review the Phase-I and Phase-II metabolic processes for each type of OPFRs (chlorinated OPFRs, alkyl-OPFRs and aryl-OPFRs) in the animals and humans, as well as toxicokinetic information and putative exposure biomarkers on OPFRs. Finally, we highlight gaps in our knowledge and critical directions for future internal exposure studies of OPFRs in animals and humans.

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Section: Internal Exposurementioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Absorption Routes In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Absorption Routes In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Internal Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research

2016

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“…Additionally, the organophosphate flame-retardant, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCCP), was detected in 8 of the samples (Biosolids1, CLO1, CLO2, PLA2, MBMA1, RWW1, RWW2, RWW4) and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) was found in PLA2 and Biosoids1. These compounds and their metabolites are of interest due to their toxicity, their translocation from soil to crops [55] and their potential bioconcentration through the food chain [56,57]. Therefore these chemicals will also be investigated further in the waste materials and the transfer investigations to crops and milk.…”

Section: Non-targeted Screen Of New and Emerging Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Contaminant Content and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Waste Materials Recycled in Agriculture

et al. 2015

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A range of wastes representative of materials currently applied, or with future potential to be applied, to agricultural land in the UK as fertilisers and soil improvers or used as animal bedding in livestock production, were investigated. In addition to full physico-chemical characterization, the materials were analysed for a suite of priority organic contaminants. In general, contaminants were present at relatively low concentrations. For example, for biosolids and compost-like-output (CLO), concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were approximately 1−10 and 5-50 times lower, respectively, than various proposed or implemented European limit values for these contaminants in biosolids or composts applied to agricultural land. However, the technical basis for these limits may require re-evaluation in some cases. Polybrominated, and mixed halogenated, dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 1290 are not currently considered in risk assessments of dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, but were detected at relatively high concentrations compared with PCDD/Fs in the biosolids and CLOs and their potential contribution to the overall toxic equivalency is assessed. Other 'emerging' contaminants, such as organophosphate flame retardants, were detected in several of the waste materials, and their potential significance is discussed. The study is part of a wider research programme that will provide evidence that is expected to improve confidence in the use of waste-derived materials in agriculture and to establish guidelines to protect the food chain where necessary.

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Time‐dependent effects of the flame retardant tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) on mRNA expression, in vitro and in ovo, reveal optimal sampling times for rapidly metabolized compounds

Farhat

Crump²,

Porter³

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The flame retardant, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), was previously shown to affect chicken embryo growth, gallbladder size, and lipid homeostasis. A microarray study, however, revealed only modest transcriptional alterations in liver tissue of pipping embryos (days 20-21), which was attributed to the rapid metabolism of TDCPP throughout incubation. To identify the most appropriate sampling time for rapidly metabolized compounds, the present study assessed the time-dependent effects of TDCPP on 27 genes, in ovo (50 µg [116 nmol] TDCPP/g egg) and in vitro (10 µM), using a chicken ToxChip polymerase chain reaction array. The greatest magnitude in dysregulation (up to 362-fold) occurred on day 8 of incubation (in ovo) with alterations of genes involved in phase I, II, and III metabolism, among others. Gallbladder hypotrophy was observed by embryonic day 12, corroborating the finding in pipping embryos from our previous study. From days 12 to 19, genes involved in lipid homeostasis, steroid hormone metabolism, and oxidative stress were affected. In chicken embryonic hepatoctyes (CEHs), TDCPP was completely metabolized to bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) within 36 h, but transcriptional changes remained significant up to 36 h. These changes were not attributed to BDCPP exposure as it only altered 1 gene (CYP1A4). An 18-h exposure in CEHs altered the greatest number of genes, making it an appropriate time point for high-throughput chemical screening; however, depending on the biological pathways of interest, shorter or longer incubation times may be more informative. Overall, TDCPP elicits the transcriptional and phenotypic alterations observed in vitro and in ovo, whereas its major metabolite, BDCPP, is far less biologically active.

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Brominated and phosphorus flame retardants in White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla nestlings: Bioaccumulation and associations with dietary proxies (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S)

Cited by 87 publications

References 67 publications

Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research

Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research

Organic Contaminant Content and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Waste Materials Recycled in Agriculture

Time‐dependent effects of the flame retardant tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) on mRNA expression, in vitro and in ovo, reveal optimal sampling times for rapidly metabolized compounds

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