Brominated, chlorinated and phosphate organic contaminants in house dust from Portugal

Coelho, Sónia D.; Silva, Ana Catarina; Isobe, Takeshi; Kim, Joon‐Woo; Kunisue, Tatsuya; Nogueira, António J.A.; Tanabe, Shinsuke

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.137

Cited by 70 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A Swedish study found higher levels of DEHP in buildings constructed before 1960 compared to newer buildings [163] and an Italian study reported that the levels of phthalates (sum of DEHP, DnBP, BBzP, DnOP, DEP, DMP) were higher in older homes compared to newer [234]. On the contrary to our results, previous studies have not found significant correlations between the building age and levels of PBDEs or other flame retardants in dust [148,168,235,236,237]. However, most of these studies were based on smaller sample sizes.…”

Section: Age Of the Preschool Buildingcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters in Preschool Dust and Children’s Hand Wipes

Larsson

Wit

Sellström

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Children spend a considerable part of their day in preschool, where they may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in indoor dust. In this study, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) were analyzed in preschool dust ( n = 100) and children's hand wipe samples ( n = 100), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) was analyzed in urine ( n = 113). Here we assessed children's exposure via dust, identified predictors for chemicals in dust, and studied correlations between different exposure measures. The most abundant BFRs in dust were decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) found at median levels of 270 and 110 ng/g dust, respectively. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) was the most abundant OPE, found at a median level of 79 000 ng/g dust. For all OPEs and some BFRs, there were significant correlations between the levels in dust and hand wipes. In addition, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) in preschool dust was significantly correlated with the corresponding metabolite DPHP in children's urine. The levels of pentaBDEs in dust were higher in older preschools compared with newer, whereas levels of DBDPE were higher in newer preschools. Children's estimated intakes of individual BFRs and OPEs via preschool dust were below available health-based reference values. However, there are uncertainties about the potential health effects of some emerging BFRs and OPEs.

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Section: Age Of the Preschool Buildingcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters in Preschool Dust and Children’s Hand Wipes

Larsson

Wit

Sellström

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Organophosphorus flame-retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) were the most frequently reported compounds by the LC-MS participants. TPHP is commonly found in target analyses of dust samples from different countries [ 32 – 37 ], and TBOEP is used in many indoor applications, for example, in plastics and floor polish [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The strength in numbers: comprehensive characterization of house dust using complementary mass spectrometric techniques

et al. 2019

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Untargeted analysis of a composite house dust sample has been performed as part of a collaborative effort to evaluate the progress in the field of suspect and nontarget screening and build an extensive database of organic indoor environment contaminants. Twenty-one participants reported results that were curated by the organizers of the collaborative trial. In total, nearly 2350 compounds were identified (18%) or tentatively identified (25% at confidence level 2 and 58% at confidence level 3), making the collaborative trial a success. However, a relatively small share (37%) of all compounds were reported by more than one participant, which shows that there is plenty of room for improvement in the field of suspect and nontarget screening. An even a smaller share (5%) of the total number of compounds were detected using both liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thus, the two MS techniques are highly complementary. Most of the compounds were detected using LC with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS and comprehensive 2D GC (GC×GC) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electron ionization (EI), respectively. Collectively, the three techniques accounted for more than 75% of the reported compounds. Glycols, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and various biogenic compounds dominated among the compounds reported by LC-MS participants, while hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives, and chlorinated paraffins and chlorinated biphenyls were primarily reported by GC-MS participants. Plastics additives, flavor and fragrances, and personal care products were reported by both LC-MS and GC-MS participants. It was concluded that the use of multiple analytical techniques was required for a comprehensive characterization of house dust contaminants. Further, several recommendations are given for improved suspect and nontarget screening of house dust and other indoor environment samples, including the use of open-source data processing tools. One of the tools allowed provisional identification of almost 500 compounds that had not been reported by participants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00216-019-01615-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Additionally, the individual components are present in other FR mixtures, and many other commonly used products. For example, TPHP is used in nail polish [18] and has rapidly become one of the most abundant and frequently detected organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in indoor dust globally, including samples from the U.S., Egypt, Japan, Germany, and Portugal [3,[19][20][21][22]. Thus, diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), the primary metabolite of TPHP, is nearly ubiquitous in human urine samples [23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Exposure to the Flame Retardant Mixture Firemaster 550 Compromises Adult Bone Integrity in Male but not Female Rats

Macari

Rock

Santos

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Flame retardants (FRs) are used in a variety of common items from furniture to carpet to electronics to reduce flammability and combustion, but the potential toxicity of these compounds is raising health concerns globally. Organophosphate FRs (OPFRs) are becoming more prevalent as older, brominated FRs are phased out, but the toxicity of these compounds, and the FR mixtures that contain them, is poorly understood. Work in a variety of in vitro model systems has suggested that FRs may induce metabolic reprogramming such that bone density is compromised at the expense of increasing adiposity. To address this hypothesis, the present studies maternally exposed Wistar rat dams orally across gestation and lactation to 1000 µg daily of the FR mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550) which contains a mixture of brominated FRs and OPFRs. At six months of age, the offspring of both sexes were examined for evidence of compromised bone composition. Bone density, composition, and marrow were all significantly affected, but only in males. The fact that the phenotype was observed months after exposure suggests that FM 550 altered some fundamental aspect of mesenchymal stem cell reprogramming. The severity of the phenotype and the human-relevance of the dose employed, affirm this is an adverse outcome meriting further exploration.

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Brominated, chlorinated and phosphate organic contaminants in house dust from Portugal

Cited by 70 publications

References 42 publications

Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters in Preschool Dust and Children’s Hand Wipes

Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters in Preschool Dust and Children’s Hand Wipes

The strength in numbers: comprehensive characterization of house dust using complementary mass spectrometric techniques

Developmental Exposure to the Flame Retardant Mixture Firemaster 550 Compromises Adult Bone Integrity in Male but not Female Rats

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