Brominated Organic Contaminants in the Liver and Egg of the Common Cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax carbo</i>) from Japan

Watanabe, Kiyohiko; Senthilkumar, K.; Masunaga, Shigeki; Takasuga, Takumi; Iseki, Naomasa; Morita, Masatoshi

doi:10.1021/es0307221

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Unlike other halogenated FRs which have been monitored in the environment so far, HCDBCO contains both bromine and chlorine atoms. 53 Only one usage (styrenic polymers) was listed by Covaci et al 1 The only other published report of HCDBCO in biota is in falcons from Canada. 32 Concentrations in falcon eggs (19.0 ng/g lw) were higher than in ring-billed gull liver (ND−0.02 ng/g ww or ND−0.28 ng/g lw).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Flame Retardants in Urban-Feeding Ring-Billed Gulls from the St. Lawrence River, Canada

Gentes

Letcher

Caron-Beaudoin

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study investigated the occurrence of a comprehensive suite of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and current-use flame retardants (FRs) in ring-billed gulls breeding in a highly industrialized section of the St. Lawrence River, downstream from Montreal (QC, Canada). Despite major point-sources and diffuse contamination by FRs, nearly no FR data have been reported in birds from this area. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP) was detected in 89% of ring-billed gull livers (mean: 2.16 ng/g ww; max: 17.6 ng/g ww). To our knowledge, this is the highest detection frequency and highest concentrations reported thus far in any avian species or populations. Dechlorane Plus (DP) isomers were also particularly abundant (anti-DP detected in 100% and syn-DP in 93% of livers). Other detected FR compounds (3-14% detection) included 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), hexachlorocyclopentenyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) and β-1,2-dibromo-4-(1.2-dibromoethyl)-cyclohexane (β-TBECH). Mean BDE-209 (57.2 ± 12.2 ng/g ww) in ring-billed gull livers was unexpectedly high for this midtrophic gull species, exceeding levels reported in several apex raptors such as peregrine falcons. BDE-209's relative contribution to ∑PBDEs was on average 25% (exceeding BDE-47 and BDE-99) and contrasted with profiles typically reported for fish-eating gull species. The present study highlighted preoccupying gaps in upcoming FR regulations and stressed the need for further investigation of the sources of FR exposure in highly urbanized areas.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Flame Retardants in Urban-Feeding Ring-Billed Gulls from the St. Lawrence River, Canada

Gentes

Letcher

Caron-Beaudoin

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Most previous studies focused on the exposure of eggs of seabirds and raptors to organohalogen compounds; therefore, only the data with Saunders's gull and common tern eggs in this study were used to compare with those from other countries or regions and are listed in Table S3 of the Supporting Information (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(33)(34)(35)(36). In general, the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs from the present study were at the high end of the worldwide range, while those of PCBs were lower than the reported data for avian eggs in other parts of the world.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brominated Flame Retardants, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Organochlorine Pesticides in Bird Eggs from the Yellow River Delta, North China

Gao

Luo

Yang

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Concentrations of several persistent organohalogen compounds such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), and polybrominated biphenyl 153 (PBB 153) were measured in eggs of six species of wild aquatic birds, one species of wild terrestrial bird, and two species of captive birds from North China. Among the contaminants measured, DDTs were the dominant compounds, HCHs and PCBs were in nearly the same concentration range, and PBDEs exhibited lower concentrations than other compound groups. The median concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, PCBs, and PBDEs in all avian species ranged from 21 to 11034, 5.5 to 623, 1.0 to 613, and 4.6 to 146 ng/g lipid wt, respectively. Median concentrations of DBDPE and PBB 153 in all avian species were in the range of not detectable (ND)-1.7 and ND-0.7 ng/g lipid wt, respectively. Significant differences among species in contaminant profiles and contaminant levels were found depending on their feeding habits, habitat, and migration. The captive birds had the lowest contaminant levels and entirely different congener profiles in PCBs and PBDEs from those of wild birds, which can be attributed to differences in dietary compositions and reproduction rates. Octa- to deca-BDEs contributed more to the total PBDEs in wild terrestrial and captive birds than in wild aquatic birds, except for one insectivorous species, possibly due to greater exposure to terrestrial food sources. Preliminary risk assessment suggests that there is no risk of a reduction in offspring survival in avian species from North China due to organohalogen compounds, except for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), which would be expected to affect some proportion of the populations of several species of birds studied.

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“…Hepatic PBDE levels in eagles from the current study can be compared to hepatic PBDE levels in other predatory birds, which reveals rather high exposures in Michigan. As examples, sparrowhawks ( Accipiter nisus ) in Britain had liver ΣPBDE concentrations from 43.4 to 68,040 ng/g lipid (equivalent to 7.93 ng/g wet wt) (Crosse et al, 2013); cormorants ( Phalacrocorax capillatus ) in Japan had ΣPBDE levels from 330 to 2600 ng/g lipid (Watanabe et al, 2004); guillemots ( Cepphus grylle ) in Greenland had ΣPBDE levels from 0.8 to 9.5 ng/g lipid (Vorkamp et al, 2004). A study in northern China reported that livers from the common kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus ) had the highest mean PBDE value among eight predatory birds examined: 12,200 ng/g lipid with a maximum value of 40,900 (Chen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in Wisconsin river otters (Lontra canadensis) and Michigan bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

Dornbos

Chernyak

Rutkiewicz

et al. 2015

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent and toxic flame-retardant chemicals widespread in the Great Lakes ecosystem. These chemicals are now being regulated and phased-out of the region; therefore it remains important to understand the extent of contamination in order to track the efficacy of recent actions. Here, Σ4PBDE congeners (PBDE-47, 99, 100, 153;wetweight basis unless indicated)were determined in liver tissues from Wisconsin river otters (Lontra canadensis; n = 35; 2009–2010) and Michigan bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus; n = 33; 2009–2011). In otters, Σ4PBDE ranged from0.5 to 72.9 ng/g, with a mean (±SD) and median (25th–75th percentile inter-quartile range) of 16.3 ± 16.4 ng/g and 11.3 (5.6–18.9) ng/g, respectively. The mean lipid-adjusted Σ4PBDE was 1377 ± 1485 ng/g. In eagles, Σ4PBDE ranged from 0 to 1,538.8 ng/g, with a mean and median of 74.3 ± 266.7 ng/g and 21.2 (5.7–28.9) ng/g, respectively. The mean lipid-adjusted Σ4PBDE was 5274.5 ± 19,896.1 ng/g. In both species, PBDE-47 accounted for >50% of the Σ4PBDE, followed by PBDE-99 and PBDE-100 (each ~17–19% of the total). The PBDE levels reported here in otters are similar to mammalian wildlife elsewhere, though the levels in eagles are among the highest worldwide across studied birds. The findings indicate that apex Great Lakes wildlife remain exposed to appreciable levels of PBDEs and more work is needed to understand whether such exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes.

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Brominated Organic Contaminants in the Liver and Egg of the Common Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) from Japan

Cited by 62 publications

References 31 publications

Novel Flame Retardants in Urban-Feeding Ring-Billed Gulls from the St. Lawrence River, Canada

Novel Flame Retardants in Urban-Feeding Ring-Billed Gulls from the St. Lawrence River, Canada

Brominated Flame Retardants, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Organochlorine Pesticides in Bird Eggs from the Yellow River Delta, North China

Hepatic polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in Wisconsin river otters (Lontra canadensis) and Michigan bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

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