Bromination Modification of Butyl Rubber and Its Structure, Properties, and Application

Cao, Renwei; Zhao, Xiuying; Wu, Xiaohui; Li, Xin; Zhang, Liqun

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03491

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[17] MgO may be added to help control cure rate and scorch. [18] Alkaline ingredients do not improve the safety of scorch in bromobutyl rubber-sulfur cure without ZnO. The proposed mechanism of crosslinking of BIIR with ZnO and MgO is depicted in Scheme 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

Chundawat¹,

Parmar²,

Deuri³

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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This paper reports walnut shell ash (WNS ash) a sustainable material for tubeless inner liner application. This sustainable material replaced the commercial magnesium oxide (MgO).The WNS ash generated at 550 C, is found to have 72% alkali metal and alkali earth metal, whereas commercial MgO shows 95% alkali metal and alkali earth metal. It was observed in this study WNS ash perform as cure retarder in bromobutyl rubber/bromo isobutylene isoprene rubber-based tube less inner liner compound and its performance was similar with commercial MgO; however, not exactly equivalent. Optimum cure retardation found at 0.40 phr loading with WNS ash. Interestingly, due to sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn), the WNS ash produced some cure activation effect. Cure rate was observed for 0.40 phr WNS ash load in gum/filled formulations at 35/15 minutes −1 compared to 30/10 minutes −1 in commercial MgO at 0.30 phr. Physical properties of compound made with 0.40 phr WNS ash and 0.30 phr MgO found comparable in both gum and filled system. Alkali metal and alkali earth metal of WNS ash at 0.40 phr loading is equivalent to 0.30 phr of MgO. This material is an important gateway in the rubber industry as a multifunction sustainable material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

Chundawat¹,

Parmar²,

Deuri³

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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“…52 The dispersed calcium stearate scavenges the eliminated HBr and suppresses the conversion from exo-to endomicrostructure. Cao et al 53 reported the preparation of BIIR with a predominantly exo-and endo-microstructure and different levels of bromine content by controlling the conditions of bromination. BIIRs with predominantly endo-microstructure and high bromine content show a high cure rate and excellent compatibility with natural rubber (NR), which markedly improved the mechanical performance of the NR/BIIR blend vulcanizate.…”

Section: Halogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schematic representation of the mechanism of IIR bromination process (panels a–d showing different steps for the formation of endo bromobutyl and the addition product). − …”

Section: Postpolymerization Modification Of Butyl Rubbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on Post-Polymerization Functionalization of Butyl Rubber and Properties

Behera

Kumar

Mohanty

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Butyl and halobutyl rubber (IIR and HIIR) is an important class of polymeric materials with great potential applications in diverse areas like manufacturing of tires, tubes, adhesives, sealants, pharmaceutical closure, flexible electronics, etc. The IIR and HIIR having exceptional air impermeability, superior oxidative stability, high chemical stability, and better damping properties are attracting significant research attention in improving these products to explore new applications. These properties of IIR and HIIR can be tailored by the introduction of functional moieties via a copolymerization or postpolymerization modification process. The highly sensitive cationic polymerization process can restrict the functionalization with most of the monomers via the copolymerization method. Hence the functionalization of IIR and HIIR can only be carried out using postpolymerization modification methods and those play a crucial role in tailoring the properties of IIR and HIIR. This review summarizes the development of new classes of functionalized IIR and HIIR via the postpolymerization modification method. The improved properties and new applications of the modified IIR and HIIR have been discussed.

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“…Curing or crosslinking sites in polymer chains are incorporated by addition of IP units. Further halogenation of butyl rubber leads to the formation of high curing halobutyl (chlorobutyl and bromobutyl) rubbers 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in butyl rubber synthesis via cationic polymerization: an overview

Sharma

Mohanty

Gupta

2021

Polymer International

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The global market is anticipated to display considerable growth for synthetic rubber because of superior product properties in comparison to natural rubber. The high volatility in natural rubber prices has been a major driver for the growth of synthetic rubber. Butyl rubber is a type of synthetic rubber mostly used in tyres and tubes, sealants, adhesives, protective clothes, pharmaceutical stoppers and closures, etc. The growing demand for butyl rubber in the automobile, construction and healthcare sectors has attracted researchers to explore various types of cationic co‐initiators. Cationic initiating systems play a vital role in controlling polymer microstructure, molecular weight, unsaturation content, etc. The present review covers numerous developments in the field of cationic copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene. The review summarizes the chemistry of initiating systems based on boron, aluminium, aluminoxane, zinc, metallocenes and rare earth metals. It also gives brief information about the commercial process (slurry and solution) and structural characterization of butyl rubber. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Bromination Modification of Butyl Rubber and Its Structure, Properties, and Application

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

Overview on Post-Polymerization Functionalization of Butyl Rubber and Properties

Advances in butyl rubber synthesis via cationic polymerization: an overview

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