Bromine Compounds

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Organic Bromine Compounds 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.2.1. Nucleophilic Displacement of Bromine 1.2.2. Displacement of Bromine by Metals 1.3. Production 1.3.1. Addition Reactions 1.3.2. Substitution Reactions 1.4. Commercial Products 1.4.1. 1,2‐Dibromoethane 1.4.2. 1‐Bromo‐3‐chloropropane 1.4.3. 1‐Bromo‐2‐phenylethane 1.4.4. 1‐(Bromomethyl)‐3‐phenoxybenzene 1.4.5. Bromoacetic Acid 1.4.6. Bromomethane 1.4.7. 3‐Bromo‐1‐propene 1.4.8. Bromochloromethane and Dibromomethane 1.4.9. Trifluorobromomethane and Difluorobromochloromethane 1.4.10. Flame Retardants 1.4.11. Biocides 1.4.12. Pharmaceuticals 1.4.13. Dyes and Indicators 1.5. Manufacturers 1.6. Toxicology and Occupational Health 2. Inorganic Bromine Compounds 2.1. Hydrogen Bromide and Bromides 2.1.1. Hydrogen Bromide 2.1.2. Bromides 2.2. Hypobromous Acid, Hypobromites 2.3. Bromous Acid, Bromites 2.4. Bromic Acid, Bromates

Towards integrating toxicity characterization into environmental studies: case study of bromine in soils

“…Br is a typical trace element and its major sources are mostly natural: seawater, salt lakes and lake brines, highly mineralized reservoir waters, and the waters of oil deposits (Vinogradov 1939;Chemical Encyclopedia 1988;Emsley 1989). However, bromine https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05244-5 * Tatiana Bratec tatiana.bratec@utt.fr contamination could appear due to human activities as far as bromine and its compounds are used in numerous areas such as chemical and food industries, medicine, pharmaceutics, agriculture, and nuclear industry (Filov 1988;Greenwood and Ershno 2008;Yoffe et al 2013). If not specified otherwise, we use the term Bbromine^to refer to the element in its various forms including related compounds.…”

Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food

“…Other halogenated compounds may interfere with I uptake as similarly observed for ClO 4 − , including bromine and brominated compounds [ 107 ] and fluoride and fluorinated compounds [ 108 ]. Bromine compounds naturally occur in marine and terrestrial plants, but industrial compounds account for 80% of bromine production [ 109 ]. In particular, bromine compounds are essentially found in phytochemical, pharmaceutics, pesticides, dyes, and photographic and water treatment chemicals [ 109 ].…”

“…Bromine compounds naturally occur in marine and terrestrial plants, but industrial compounds account for 80% of bromine production [ 109 ]. In particular, bromine compounds are essentially found in phytochemical, pharmaceutics, pesticides, dyes, and photographic and water treatment chemicals [ 109 ]. Bromine has been found at higher concentrations in seawater (65 to 80 mg/L) compared to natural waters (in mean 0.5 mg/L) and groundwaters (1 to several mg/L) [ 110 ].…”

Experimental Splitting of Hydrogen Sulfide by Halogens for Application in Reaction Cycles

“…( 7), proves the substance is elemental bromine and not a Br-S-compound. Due to the high bromine price [29], it is essential for the entire cycle that the bromine loss remains minimal and as much as possible can be recycled for the reaction with H 2 S. The two elements can be separated by purging with inert gas for 12 h, during which the dissolved bromine re-evaporates, but this is a step that is not unsignificant in the design of the cycle. Overall, there seems to be an ideal bromine excess, which also depends on the plant used and which puts the advantage of higher yields and the disadvantage of separation from sulfur in an ideal relationship to each other.…”