Bromine-Sudan Black: a general stain for lipids including free cholesterol

Bayliss, O. B.; Adams, C. W. M.

doi:10.1007/bf01011130

Cited by 53 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Plastic kernel sections (3 mm) were stained with TBO or ABB for protein (Lillie, 1977), Sudan Black B (SBB) for lipid (Bayliss and Adams, 1972), ACF for phytic acid (Fulcher, 1982), ARS for inorganic calcium (McGee-Russell, 1958), Light Green (LG) for general staining, or PAS reagent for starch (Hotchkiss, 1948).…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aleurone Cell Identity Is Suppressed following Connation in Maize Kernels

Geisler-Lee

Gallie

2005

Plant Physiology

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Expression of the cytokinin-synthesizing isopentenyl transferase enzyme under the control of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SAG12 senescence-inducible promoter reverses the normal abortion of the lower floret from a maize (Zea mays) spikelet. Following pollination, the upper and lower floret pistils fuse, producing a connated kernel with two genetically distinct embryos and the endosperms fused along their abgerminal face. Therefore, ectopic synthesis of cytokinin was used to position two independent endosperms within a connated kernel to determine how the fused endosperm would affect the development of the two aleurone layers along the fusion plane. Examination of the connated kernel revealed that aleurone cells were present for only a short distance along the fusion plane whereas starchy endosperm cells were present along most of the remainder of the fusion plane, suggesting that aleurone development is suppressed when positioned between independent starchy endosperms. Sporadic aleurone cells along the fusion plane were observed and may have arisen from late or imperfect fusion of the endosperms of the connated kernel, supporting the observation that a peripheral position at the surface of the endosperm and not proximity to maternal tissues such as the testa and pericarp are important for aleurone development. Aleurone mosaicism was observed in the crown region of nonconnated SAG12-isopentenyl transferase kernels, suggesting that cytokinin can also affect aleurone development.The cereal endosperm, which serves as the major source of storage reserves for the embryo, is composed of the starchy endosperm, basal endosperm transfer cells, and the aleurone, as well as starchy endosperm cell subtypes such as the subaleurone and embryosurrounding region (Becraft, 2001;Olsen, 2001Olsen, , 2004a. The aleurone layer, composed of cuboidal cells that are cytoplasmically dense, serves as the epidermal layer of the endosperm. Aleurone cells synthesize little starch but contain significant quantities of protein as inclusion bodies in small vacuoles as well as oil and phytin. Subaleurone cells are protein rich and contain fewer and smaller starch granules than do cells of the central starchy endosperm. The basal endosperm transfer cells adjacent to the pedicel facilitate nutrient transport from the maternal tissue to the developing endosperm, whereas the embryo-surrounding region lines the endosperm cavity where the embryo develops and may be involved in promoting embryo growth.Development of the endosperm initiates following double fertilization, in which one pollen sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote and the second nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei in the central cell of the megagametophyte to form the triploid endosperm (Becraft, 2001;Olsen, 2001Olsen, , 2004a. Several rounds of mitosis without cell wall formation generate the syncitium or endosperm coenocyte that encircles a large central vacuole. The coenocyte undergoes cellularization through the formation of cell walls between the cyto...

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Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aleurone Cell Identity Is Suppressed following Connation in Maize Kernels

Geisler-Lee

Gallie

2005

Plant Physiology

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“…In our studies there was no apparent loss of total cholesterol, but there was a shift of esterified cholesterol to free cholesterol. Since reportedly 27 Sudan red does not stain free cholesterol, it is possible that earlier studies that reported a reduction in lesion cholesterol were underestimating the actual amount of cholesterol in the lesion. In any event, our data definitely demonstrate that simple removal of cholesterol from the diet does not promote a removal of cholesterol from aortic tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Lesion regression and protein synthesis in rabbits after removal of dietary cholesterol.

Langner¹,

Bement²

1985

Arteriosclerosis

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This study was conducted to determine whether atherosclerotic lesions regressed in rabbits that were placed on a normal, low cholesterol diet. Rabbits (n = 16) were fed a 2% cholesterol diet for 90 days; nine rabbits were killed, and the remaining seven rabbits were fed a low cholesterol diet for 7 months. Appropriate noncholesterol-fed controls were used with each group. After 90 days of cholesterol feeding, the rabbits' thoracic aortas showed severe lesions, accompanied by significantly elevated rates of collagen and noncoilagen protein synthesis and significantly increased amounts of cholesterol and soluble collagen. Cholesterol-fed rabbits that were fed a normal diet for 7 months had normal serum cholesterol levels, but exhibited extensive aortic lesions with elevated cholesterol content. Biochemically, the rate of aortic collagen synthesis remained significantly elevated above control values; however, the collagen content was not different from controls. This lack of collagen accumulation in the presence of a prolonged increase in synthetic rate was surprising. One possible explanation is that in the diseased aorta there is a rapid turnover of collagen, resulting in a redistribution or remodeling of the connective tissue, rather than an increased accumulation. (Arteriosclerosis 5:74-79, January/February 1985)

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“…This reduction in reaction time decreases the degradation of sections by alcohol. In addition, according to some authors, ethyl alcohol removes fatty acids from cells (Bayliss & Adams 1972), and this process is intensified by longer reaction times. It is thus recommended that the proposed device be used in combination with the lipid preservation technique described by Oliveira (2015) for the Sudan Black B reaction, especially for tissues presumed to present cells with reserve lipids, typical in diaspores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to construct and use a simple device to prevent the formation of precipitates when using Sudan Black B for histology

Oliveira

2015

Acta Bot. Bras.

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The present work aims to demonstrate the stages of fabrication and use of a simple device to avoid the formation or fixation of precipitates from Sudan Black B solution on tissues. The device consists of four coverslip fragments attached to a histology slide, which serve as points of support for the histological slide under analysis. To work properly, the histology slide with the sections should be placed with the sections facing downwards the device. A small space between the device and the histology slide is thereby created by the height of the coverslip fragments. When Sudan Black B is applied, the solution is maintained within the edges of the device and evaporation is minimized by the small space, thereby reducing the consequent formation of precipitates. Furthermore, by placing the sections facing downward the device, any sporadically formed precipitates are prevented from settling on and fixing to the sectioned tissues or organs. By avoiding the formation of precipitates, plant cells, tissues and organs can be better observed, diagnosed and photomicrographically recorded.

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Bromine-Sudan Black: a general stain for lipids including free cholesterol

Cited by 53 publications

References 5 publications

Aleurone Cell Identity Is Suppressed following Connation in Maize Kernels

Aleurone Cell Identity Is Suppressed following Connation in Maize Kernels

Lesion regression and protein synthesis in rabbits after removal of dietary cholesterol.

How to construct and use a simple device to prevent the formation of precipitates when using Sudan Black B for histology

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