Bromocriptine Therapy in Cocaine Withdrawal

Aj, Giannini; Baumgartel, P; Lr, DiMarzio

doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1987.tb03011.x

Cited by 62 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Weiss et al 1992;King et al 1993King et al , 1994Parsons et al 1995). Third, dopamine agonists have been shown to reverse some of the effects of cocaine withdrawal in animals and humans (e.g., Dackis and Gold 1985;Giannini et al 1987;Tennant and Sagherian 1987;Hollander et al 1990;Markou and Koob 1992;however, see Handelsman et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Increased sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effect of a dopamine receptor antagonist during cocaine withdrawal in the rat

1999

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The effect of a dopamine receptor antagonist on locomotor activity was examined during withdrawal from either self-administered or experimenter-administered cocaine. In the self-administration experiment, the locomotor response to a challenge injection of cis-flupenthixol was assessed in photocell cages at 4 h after the cessation of a 12-h cocaine self-administration session. Rats which had self-administered cocaine, and were challenged with cis-flupenthixol (0.05 mg/kg), were found to be hypoactive relative to controls. In the experimenter-administered cocaine experiment, animals were given eight IP injections of 15 mg/kg cocaine over a 9.5-h period, for a total of 120 mg/kg. At 4, 8, and 24 h (tested in three separate groups of rats) after cessation of the eight injections, the locomotor response to a challenge injection of saline or cis-flupenthixol was tested. Cocaine-treated animals displayed a dose-dependent, heightened sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effects of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg cis-flupenthixol 4 h post-cocaine, whereas they did not show increased sensitivity to 0.05 mg/kg cis-flupenthixol 8 or 24 h post-cocaine. However, cocaine-treated animals displayed a mild hypoactivity 8 h post-cocaine. In a separate group of animals, a dose-response experiment was performed which indicated that a dose of cis-flupenthixol as high as 0.2 mg/kg was required to produce locomotor depression in cocaine-naive rats. The results of this study support clinical observations of dopamine antagonist-precipitated motor dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers, and lend further support to the hypothesis that alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission consequent to prolonged cocaine exposure are partly responsible for some of the symptoms of cocaine withdrawal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Increased sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effect of a dopamine receptor antagonist during cocaine withdrawal in the rat

1999

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“…Bromocriptine treatment was generally reported to decrease craving and dysphoria during detoxification [45,82,225], but treatment did not decrease cocaine use and was associated with high dropout rates [225]. Additionally, when administered as a pretreatment medication prior to cocaine self-administration, however, bromocriptine increased heart rate without affecting the subjective effects of cocaine (e.g., euphoria), suggesting that it may have limited utility as a cocaine treatment medication [143].…”

Section: Relapse Prevention Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Bromocriptine, a D 2 dopamine receptor agonist, has been assessed as a possible pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence in several studies [81,82,92,137,143,171,191,225]. Bromocriptine treatment was generally reported to decrease craving and dysphoria during detoxification [45,82,225], but treatment did not decrease cocaine use and was associated with high dropout rates [225].…”

Section: Relapse Prevention Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Developing Pharmacotherapies for Cannabis and Cocaine Use Disorders

Lynch¹

2005

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Current Neuropharmacology, 2005, 3, 95-114 95 1570-159X/05 $50.00+.00Abstract: Despite the fact that more people seek treatment for cannabis-related disorders than for any other illicit substance-related disorder in the U.S., there are no medications approved for the treatment of these disorders. Similarly, more than half of those meeting criteria for a cocaine use disorder seek treatment. Yet, after two decades of intense medications development research efforts, there remains no approved cocaine pharmacotherapy. This paper reviews data from recent research investigations that may be relevant for the development of pharmacotherapies for cannabis-and cocaine-related disorders. Included in the discussion are findings from studies that have assessed the ability of medications to ameliorate cannabis-and cocaine-related abstinence symptoms in laboratory animals and human research participants. Data from studies that have investigated the effects of pharmacological agents on response to cannabis and cocaine are also reviewed because these data may provide information critical for informing relapse prevention medication development efforts. The majority of published studies evaluating cannabis pharmacotherapies have focused on decreasing withdrawal symptoms: a growing number of medications reduce symptoms in laboratory animals, but the majority of these findings have not been replicated in humans. Fewer studies have assessed the effects of potential cannabis treatment medications on cannabinoid-related reinforcing effects. In laboratory animals, only one has shown promise, while in humans, no medication has been demonstrated to alter marijuana self-administration behavior. Numerous medications have been examined for treating cocaine use disorders; in general, none have proven effective. Some medications, however, have demonstrated utility within subpopulations of cocaine-dependent individuals, suggesting that like psychosocial treatment, pharmacotherapy may need to be tailored to the individual.

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“…Bromocriptine pretreatment (1.2 or 2.5 mg) did not alter the subjective effects of intravenous (iv) cocaine (12.5, 25, or 50 mg), but significant increases in heart rate were again observed 36. Early open studies using 1.25–2.5 mg daily yielded conflicting results and suffered from high dropout rates 37,38. In a double blind placebo‐controlled study with cocaine‐dependent individuals, Giannini et al 38 found that compared to placebo, bromocriptine significantly reduced cocaine craving.…”

Section: Pharmacotherapy For Cocaine Abuse/dependence Based On Neurotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Adaptations to Psychostimulants and Opiates as a Basis of Treatment Development

Sevarino

Oliveto

Kosten

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Abuse of illicit substances, in particular psychostimulants and opiates, is a worldwide public health issue. Chronic use of cocaine and amphetamine causes common neurobiological adaptations that may guide new treatment development. These include perturbations in dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission, leading to trials of antidepressants, and serotonin and dopamine augmentation strategies. The detection of cerebral perfusion abnormalities caused by psychostimulants has led to examination of antiplatelet and excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonist therapies. Further, development of cocaine vaccines allows for testing of peripheral blockade approaches to cocaine addiction. New approaches to behavioral treatments for cocaine dependence are also reviewed. For opiate dependence, understanding of heroin's effects on μ and κ opiate receptors has led to investigations of the partial μ agonist buprenorphine in opiate maintenance. Evidence for hyper‐excitability of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons and EEA inputs to the LC guides trials of new α2‐adrenergic agonists and EEA antagonists to alleviate opiate withdrawal. Finally, clinical experience with withdrawal from methadone and LAAM has led to trials of antagonist‐accelerated opiate withdrawal. Improved treatment of psychostimulant and opiate addiction is critically needed, and likely to have wide‐reaching impact in health care and society.

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Bromocriptine Therapy in Cocaine Withdrawal

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

Increased sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effect of a dopamine receptor antagonist during cocaine withdrawal in the rat

Increased sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effect of a dopamine receptor antagonist during cocaine withdrawal in the rat

Developing Pharmacotherapies for Cannabis and Cocaine Use Disorders

Neurobiological Adaptations to Psychostimulants and Opiates as a Basis of Treatment Development

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