Bronchial Adenoma with the Carcinoid Syndrome Presenting with Unusual Skin Changes

Hemangioma‐Associated Rhinophyma

“…Although induction of rhinophyma by long‐standing angiomata has not been reported previously, other causes of vasodilation have been associated with its development. Rosacea‐like changes have been noted in response to flushing and vasodilation secondary to the carcinoid syndrome 8–11,18 . These ranged from slight erythema with dilated veins, capillaries, and telangiectasias to areas of soft‐tissue hypertrophy with erythema, edema, and sebaceous gland hyperplasia.…”

“…Facial flushing is usually the earliest manifestation, 4 and patients with rosacea have been shown to flush more often and more readily than control subjects 6,7 . Additionally, rosacea may develop in conditions associated with systemic causes of flushing, such as the functioning carcinoid syndrome, 8–11 and after the administration of vasodilative drugs 12 . We recently observed marked rhinophymatous skin change in association with the constant vasodilation existing in the area of a long‐standing cavernous hemangioma and postulate that the rhinophymatous skin change was induced secondary to long‐standing increased cutaneous blood flow.…”

Leonine hypertrophic rosacea associated with a benign bronchial carcinoid tumour

“…In addition to the usualfacial flush, oedema, congestionandtelangiectasis,aless common leonine folding (Weiss & Ingram, 1961;Meyer & Hellemans, i974)and a seborrhoea, sebaceous hyperplasia, flbrosis and facial 'phyma' may be seen in the carcinoid syndrome (Calvert et al, 1963). Fibrosis (Hallen, 1964) and adenomatosis (Dirschmid, 1973) may also occur in the viscera as a result of carcinoid.…”

“…

We wish to record a case of carcinoid syndrome associated with a massive fronto-rhino-and zygophyma and seborrhoea consequent upon recurrent flushing. Calvert et al (1963) first noted this association in a man with a metastasizing bronchial carcinoid. Our patient's carcinoid was benign, he lived longer, and his skin changes became more severe.

Case.A white male died aged 73 years after suffering for 25 years from a characteristic carcinoid syndrome.

…”

Rosacea: Disease or Reaction Pattern?

“…The carcinoid syndrome may be regarded as an experimental model of rosacea proving the importance of the flush: all the stigmas of rosacea may progressively set in following congestive outbreaks [2,5,23]. The flush progressively produces a cutaneous edema persisting in those not very mobile areas of the face where the clini cal attack of rosacea predominates.…”