Bronchiolitis with Leukemia

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after rituximab therapy for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

“…Moreover, this patient's past medical history and concurrent medications, including sertraline, esomeprazole, fenofibrate and verapamil, were devoid of other reported causes of BOOP [11,12]. With regard to the patient's lymphoma, there have only been single reports of myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and adult T-cell leukemia associated with BOOP [17][18][19], and no association between marginal zone extranodal NHL and BOOP has been reported. Thus, although the patient's other medications, his NHL and an idiopathic form cannot be excluded entirely, rituximab appears the most likely causative agent in this case.…”

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in three children with acute leukaemias treated with cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines

“…This disorder can be idiopathic or can be produced by a variety of immunological-inflammatory processes, including those associated with autoimmune diseases [1,3,4], infections [5][6][7], hypersensitivity reactions [8,9], myelodysplastic syndromes [12], and treatment with a variety of drugs [14][15][16][17][18][19] or physical agents [13]. In the three patients described in the present report, the occurrence of BOOP can be related to: 1) remodelling of the distal airways following cytotoxic damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents used to treat the underlying disease; 2) hypersensitive response to the same agents; or 3) healing processes following a localized infection determined by unidentified agent(s).…”

“…However, all microbiological tests performed on biological fluids (blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage) and lung biopsy specimens produced negative results for the presence of pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms. BOOP has previously been described in patients with refractory anaemia with excess blasts [11] and with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [12]. In these two reports, the aetiology of the pulmonary lesions was not identified and a possible subclinical viral infection leading to an immunological-type reaction was suspected [13].…”

“…BOOP can be idiopathic or can be produced by a variety of immunological, toxic and inflammatory processes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, BOOP has been reported in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes [11][12], with irradiation pneumonitis [13], and following administration of different drugs [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. We describe the cases of three patients, one with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and two with acute promyelocytic leukaemia, who developed BOOP 10-20 days after a course of chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines.…”

Cryptogenic organising pneumonia

“…Organising pneumonia may occur in association with various haematological disorders or malignancies [90,93] including: acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with inversion of chromosome 16 [370]; acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [371]; chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [372]; myelodysplastic syndrome [354,373,374]; T-cell adult leukaemia [375,376]; Evans syndrome [377]; Ewing sarcoma [371]; Hodgkin disease [371]; and various cancers with or without radiation therapy to the chest [378]. In patients with treated haematological malignancies and suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, open lung biopsy may provide a diagnosis of organising pneumonia in up to ,20% of cases [379].…”