Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) amylase and pepsin levels as potential biomarkers of aspiration pneumonia

Suzuki, Toshihiko; Saitou, Miwako; Utano, Yuka; Utano, Kenichi; Niitsuma, Katsunao

doi:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.04.003

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It has been reported that bronchoalveolar lavage amylase serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing AP. 26 In the present study, we observed that the levels of BALF amylase in AP group were significantly higher than those with AspRF-CAP ( P = 0.004). Amylase was rarely generated in tracheal or bronchoalveolar cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Microbiological Profile of Patients with Aspiration Pneumonia Identified by Combined Detection Methods

Xu,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

IDR

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Purpose Aspiration pneumonia (AP) challenges public health globally. The primary aim of this study was to ascertain the microbiological profile characteristics of patients with AP evaluated by combined detection methods, including conventional microbiological tests (CMTs), chips for complicated infection detection (CCID), and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Patients and Methods From June 2021 to March 2022, a total of thirty-nine patients with AP or community-acquired pneumonia with aspiration risk factors (AspRF-CAP) from 3 hospitals were included. Respiratory specimens, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), sputum, and tracheal aspirate, were collected for microorganism detection. Results Patients with AP were more inclined to be older, to have a shorter duration from illness onset to admission, to have a higher prevalence of different underlying diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease, and to have a higher CURB-65 score (all P < 0.05). A total of 213 and 31 strains of microorganisms were detected in patients with AP and AspRF-CAP, respectively. The most common pathogens in AP were Corynebacterium striatum (17/213, 7.98%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15/213, 7.04%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15/213, 7.04%), and Candida albicans (14/213, 6.57%). Besides, the most common pathogens in AspRF-CAP were Candida albicans (5/31, 16.13%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3/31, 9.68%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3/31, 9.68%). Moreover, Klebsiella pneumoniae (7/67, 10.45%) and Candida glabrata (5/67, 7.46%) were the most common pathogens among the 9 non-survived patients with AP. Conclusion The prevalent pathogens detected in cases of AP were Corynebacterium striatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Candida albicans . Early combined detection methods for patients with AP enhance the positive detection rate of pathogens and potentially expedites the initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Microbiological Profile of Patients with Aspiration Pneumonia Identified by Combined Detection Methods

Xu,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

IDR

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“…Unfortunately, no further clinical studies have been conducted to con rm above ndings until Weiss et al [10] revealed the signi cance of bronchoalveolar lavage amylase in diagnosing and differentiating VAP with high sensitivity and negative predictive value. After that, the bronchial amylase as a maker for predicting or diagnosing VAP has been extensively studied [19][20][21][22][23]39], but the results are con icting. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we showed that bronchial amylase can be useful as a potential marker for early detection of VAP in clinically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of bronchial amylase level for predicting ventilator associated pneumonia in intubated adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xu,

Shen,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The ability of bronchial amylase level for predicting ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) has been extensively studied with conflicting results. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the value of bronchial amylase for predicting VAP in intubated adults. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to November 2023. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated, and the area under the curve (AUROC) was calculated. Results: Overall, six studies including 769 patients were included in this review, of whom 273 (36%) were developed VAP. The cutoff values of bronchial amylase level were ranged from 8.1 U/L to 4681.5U/L. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with an overall Q = 1.99, I2 = 0, and P = 0.185, The pooled sensitivity and specificity for the overall population were 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.86] and 0.75(95% CI 0.56–0.88) respectively. The DOR was 11(95% CI 3.0–40.0). The pooled AUROC was 0.83 (95%CI 0.80 - 0.86). Conclusions: The bronchial amylase is a helpful marker for predicting VAP in intubated adults. However, it cannot be recommended as the single definitive test for VAP, but rather it must be interpreted in context with information from careful medical history, physical examination, and when feasible, microbiological assessment.

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“…Cell death causes a release of fibrogenic factors, which lead to the activation of the growth of connective tissue. An increase in the level of amylase in BALF has been shown in inflammatory and carcinogenic lesions of the lungs [44][45][46], as well as in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [47] and aspiration pneumonia [48,49]. All the above processes are accompanied by inflammation and cell proliferation, be it tumor cells or fibroblasts.…”

Section: Relationship Between the Chemical Composition Of Nanoparticl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide and Metalloid Oxide Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study

Sutunkova

Klinova

Ryabova

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Industrial production generates aerosols of complex composition, including an ultrafine fraction. This is typical for mining and metallurgical industries, welding processes, and the production and recycling of electronics, batteries, etc. Since nano-sized particles are the most dangerous component of inhaled air, in this study we aimed to establish the impact of the chemical nature and dose of nanoparticles on their cytotoxicity. Suspensions of CuO, PbO, CdO, Fe2O3, NiO, SiO2, Mn3O4, and SeO nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation. The experiments were conducted on outbred female albino rats. We carried out four series of a single intratracheal instillation of nanoparticles of different chemical natures at doses ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mg per animal. Bronchoalveolar lavage was taken 24 h after the injection to assess its cytological and biochemical parameters. At a dose of 0.5 mg per animal, cytotoxicity in the series of nanoparticles changed as follows (in decreasing order): CuO NPs > PbO NPs > CdO NPs > NiO NPs > SiO2 NPs > Fe2O3 NPs. At a lower dose of 0.25 mg per animal, we observed a different pattern of cytotoxicity of the element oxides under study: NiO NPs > Mn3O4 NPs > CuO NPs > SeO NPs. We established that the cytotoxicity increased non-linearly with the increase in the dose of nanoparticles of the same chemical element (from 0 to 0.5 mg per animal). An increase in the levels of intracellular enzymes (amylase, AST, ALT, LDH) in the supernatant of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indicated a cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles. Thus, alterations in the cytological parameters of the bronchoalveolar lavage and the biochemical characteristics of the supernatant can be used to predict the danger of new nanomaterials based on their comparative assessment with the available tested samples of nanoparticles.

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Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) amylase and pepsin levels as potential biomarkers of aspiration pneumonia

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Microbiological Profile of Patients with Aspiration Pneumonia Identified by Combined Detection Methods

Microbiological Profile of Patients with Aspiration Pneumonia Identified by Combined Detection Methods

Value of bronchial amylase level for predicting ventilator associated pneumonia in intubated adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide and Metalloid Oxide Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study

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