Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Normal Volunteer Subject

Ettensohn, David B.; Jankowski, Marilee J.; Redondo, Andrés; Duncan, Pamela G.

doi:10.1378/chest.94.2.281

Cited by 53 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both these findings were expected in view of the results of BAL and IS in healthy subjects in other studies. Ettensohn et al [29] found in controls that the mean number of cells recovered by BAL is 7.3 × 10 6 /ml, with alveolar macrophages being the majority of cells (95 ± 3%), followed by lymphocytes (3.5 ± 2.5%) and a small number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1.7 ± 1.6%). In IS, neutrophils are collected in upper and medium airways, during the cough-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Sputum in Systemic Sclerosis Interstitial Lung Disease: Comparison to Healthy Controls and Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Damjanov

Ostojić²,

Kaloudi³

et al. 2008

Respiration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Induced sputum (IS) is a noninvasive tool, which can be used to collect cellular and soluble materials from lung airways. Objective: To evaluate if IS may be a useful and safe tool for the detection of airway inflammation in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods: Sixty-eight patients with SSc and ILD as well as 18 healthy individuals (controls) were selected and submitted to IS examination. In 34 of 68 patients with SSc, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was also performed. Safety of IS was assessed by comparison of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), FEV₁/forced vital capacity ratio and peak expiratory flow before and after the IS procedure. Cell composition in samples collected by BAL and IS was correlated, and IS total and differential cell count in SSc patients and controls were compared. Results: The total number of cells was significantly higher in IS samples of SSc patients compared to those of healthy controls. Mean percentage of neutrophils was also higher in SSc patients (41.79 ± 23.89 vs. 27.37 ± 17.90), as well as lymphocytes (17.42 ± 19.70 vs. 3.13 ± 2.28) and eosinophils (2.35 ± 4.43 vs. 0.41 ± 0.46). On the other hand, mean percentage of macrophages was higher in healthy individuals (69.10 ± 19.15 vs. 36.96 ± 20.68). In fluid recovered by BAL, the most frequent cells were macrophages (67.89% ± 17.26), while neutrophils (14.77 ± 17.18%) and lymphocytes (15.62 ± 13.46%) were less frequent and eosinophils (1.66 ± 2.08%) were rare. A similar pattern of cell composition was found in IS samples (41.15 ± 21.67% of macrophages, 39.72 ± 23.15% of neutrophils, 15.28 ± 19.46% of lymphocytes and 2.56 ± 5.03% of eosinophils). Strength of correlation between BAL and IS was significant for macrophages and neutrophils. After IS procedure was performed, improvement of FEV₁ (mean value before IS was 85.09 ± 14.44 and 88.93 ± 16.40 after IS) and FEV₁/forced vital capacity (mean value before IS was 98.53 ± 12.11 and 105.22 ± 10.78 after IS) was observed. Conclusion: The IS method may allow a noninvasive assessment of cell composition in airway fluid and may contribute to the better understanding of upper/medium airway inflammation in SSc. Future studies are needed to verify whether IS can replace invasive procedures for the detection and monitoring of lung inflammation in SSc.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Sputum in Systemic Sclerosis Interstitial Lung Disease: Comparison to Healthy Controls and Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Damjanov

Ostojić²,

Kaloudi³

et al. 2008

Respiration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Investigations of normal nonsmoking adult subjects have found mean lymphocyte counts between 4-18% of the recovered cells [17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], with most of the studies reporting mean values of less than 10%. The mean fraction of lymphocytes in our study was 16.2±12.4% with a median of 12.5%, and therefore higher than in most studies of normal adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in normal children

Ratjen¹,

Bredendiek²,

M³

et al. 1994

Eur Respir J

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have studied the differential cytology of BAL fluid in 48 children aged 3-16 years (mean age±SD 7.9±3.5 yrs) undergoing elective surgery for nonpulmonary illnesses. A flexible bronchoscope (Pentax 3.5 or 4.9 mm) was wedged in the middle lobe or one of its segments. BAL was performed with 3×1 ml·kg -1 body weight of normal saline warmed to body temperature. The first sample was studied separately; subsequent samples were pooled for analysis.The mean recovery was 58±15%. Significantly more granulocytes and less lymphocytes were found in the first, as compared to the pooled, sample. Total cell counts were highly variable and ranged from 0.5-57.1 × 10 4 ·ml -1 . Macrophages were the predominant cell type, with a mean percentage of 81.2±12.7%. The relative proportion of lymphocytes was higher than that reported in most studies of adult volunteers (16.1±2.4%). No age dependency was observed for either cell type. The mean percentage of granulocytes was 2.5±3.3%. Absolute granulocyte counts were significantly higher in children under 8 yrs of age.This study provides the first reference data on BAL differential cytology in children without pulmonary disease and will be the basis for future investigations of BAL in paediatric lung diseases.

show abstract

“…7 The percentage of these volunteers had been used as the control group in a previously published study. 10 neutrophils is consistently low [11][12][13] while the lymphocyte percentage shows a wider variation. The upper normal lymphocyte percentage in lavage fluid is considered to be in Bronchoalveolar lavage the 10-14% range, although it falls below 10% in most individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchoalveolar lavage cell composition in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients without symptomatic lung complications

Cámara

Girón

Marrón

et al. 1997

Bone Marrow Transplant

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary:that it is similar to that seen in healthy volunteers is not based on solid data. Only a few articles have included a small group of asymptomatic BMT patients as a comparaThe purpose of this study was to assess the cytological composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in tive or control group. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Observations in healthy individuals have contributed to define the inflammatory and immune allogeneic BMT patients without lung complications and compare it with that obtained from healthy volunteers.responses of the normal lung and have provided a basis for the study of lung disease. 7 In this way, in the BMT setting During the first 6 months post-BMT we studied the differential cell counts of 98 BALs from 56 patients as well knowledge of what is normal after transplantation could enhance our understanding of the different post-transplant as the total cell count of 44 BALs from 27 patients. The BAL cellular composition in BMT patients was clearly lung complications and provide keys to improving treatment or prevention; it might also be used as 'the normal different from that of healthy subjects: there was a marked increase in alveolar neutrophils (in 82% of the reference' for comparison in pathologic conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytological patients when sequential BALs were performed) and an increase in lymphocytes, with a lower percentage of composition of BAL fluid in a group of asymptomatic allogeneic BMT patients and compare it with that obtained macrophages and similar numbers of eosinophils. A greater variation in cellular populations was found from a group of healthy volunteers. We found quite marked differences between both groups as well as a striking inciwithout an evident cause. The total number of cells per ml of fluid recovered appeared similar to that of healthy dence of asymptomatic neutrophilic alveolitis. volunteers. A high frequency of neutrophilic alveolitis was found in patients with asymptomatic CMV on BAL. Owing to the variability of BAL cellular composition in Material and methods asymptomatic BMT patients and its difference from that in healthy volunteers, great caution should be taken Study population when interpreting the BAL composition data from patients with lung complications. In order to avoid Sequential BAL were performed in consecutive patients who had received an allogeneic BMT from May 1991 to drawing wrong conclusions these data should be compared with those obtained from a control group of BMT November 1995 in the BMT unit of the Hematology Department. BALs were carried out electively as part of a patients without lung complications and not from healthy volunteers.previously described CMV surveillance protocol 8 which has been adopted in our BMT unit as a routine method Keywords: bone marrow transplantation; bronchoalveolar lavage; BAL cellularity since 1991. All BALs were done for CMV surveillance and not for the study of any pulmonary or respiratory disease. The day of BMT was considered as day 0. In summary, the fir...

show abstract

Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Normal Volunteer Subject

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

Induced Sputum in Systemic Sclerosis Interstitial Lung Disease: Comparison to Healthy Controls and Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Induced Sputum in Systemic Sclerosis Interstitial Lung Disease: Comparison to Healthy Controls and Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Differential cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in normal children

Bronchoalveolar lavage cell composition in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients without symptomatic lung complications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About