Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the lungs of children who had died from sudden infant death syndrome and other causes.

Tschernig, Thomas; Kleemann, W. J.; Pabst, Reinhard

doi:10.1136/thx.50.6.658

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It remains to be determined whether LALT is a distinct physiologic entity or a pathologic reaction in response to local infections or other environmental insults. Many children in whom LALT was identified postmortem had died because of sudden infant death syndrome (68,135). Little or no information is available regarding the role of LALT in antigen processing or presentation or the development of immunologic reactivity in the upper airway.…”

Section: Common Mucosal Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Strategies for Mucosal Immune Responses

2001

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Mucosal administration of vaccines is an important approach to the induction of appropriate immune responses to microbial and other environmental antigens in systemic sites and peripheral blood as well as in most external mucosal surfaces. The development of specific antibody- or T-cell-mediated immunologic responses and the induction of mucosally induced systemic immunologic hyporesponsiveness (oral or mucosal tolerance) depend on complex sets of immunologic events, including the nature of the antigenic stimulation of specialized lymphoid structures in the host, antigen-induced activation of different populations of regulatory T cells (Th1 versus Th2), and the expression of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. Availability of mucosal vaccines will provide a painless approach to deliver large numbers of vaccine antigens for human immunization. Currently, an average infant will receive 20 to 25 percutaneous injections for vaccination against different childhood infections by 18 months of age. It should be possible to develop for human use effective, nonliving, recombinant, replicating, transgenic, and microbial vector- or plant-based mucosal vaccines to prevent infections. Based on the experience with many dietary antigens, it is also possible to manipulate the mucosal immune system to induce systemic tolerance against environmental, dietary, and possibly other autoantigens associated with allergic and autoimmune disorders. Mucosal immunity offers new strategies to induce protective immune responses against a variety of infectious agents. Such immunization may also provide new prophylactic or therapeutic avenues in the control of autoimmune diseases in humans

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Section: Common Mucosal Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Strategies for Mucosal Immune Responses

2001

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“…Thus, BALT is obviously not found in healthy fetuses. In our own studies on lungs [22], BALT was found in 44% of 34 children who had died of trauma, malformation or other noninflammatory causes. There were mainly small aggregations but they showed all criteria of BALT with lymphoid infiltration of the overlying epithelium, HEV and partly active germinal centers ( fig.…”

Section: Balt In the Lung Of Children And Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Is Not Present in the Normal Adult Lung but in Different Diseases

Tschernig

Pabst²

2000

Pathobiology

211

143

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Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was first described in the lungs of rabbits and differs greatly between species. It is part of the integrated mucosal immune system. This review clarifies its morphological definition and focuses on the situation in humans. The frequency of BALT at different ages, after chronic stimulation and in different diseases is described. In healthy humans, BALT can only be found in the lungs of children and adolescents. The role of BALT in lung transplantation and in the development of low-grade malignant lymphomas in the airways is also discussed. Furthermore, questions concerning the inducibility of BALT as an entry site for vaccines, and the regulation of its activity for future therapeutic interventions in pulmonary immune reactions are addressed.

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“…Other histological features are lymphocytic interstitial infiltration, follicular bronchiolitis and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia [14]. In the current two patients the lymphocytic interstitial infiltration and the reactions of macrophages and pneumocytes that included giant cell formation were suggestive of a viral DNA integration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Chronic interstitial lung disease due to Epstein-Barr virus infection in two infants

Pfleger¹,

Eber²,

Popper³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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This case study reports on two infants, 5 and 6 months of age, respectively, with chronic interstitial lung disease who presented with failure to thrive, tachypnoea, rales and mild hypoxaemia.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected by in situ hybridization in lung biopsy specimens and by EBV-deoxyribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in one patient and by in situ hybridization and PCR analysis in BAL fluid in the second patient. There was serological evidence of immunoglobulin G antibodies to EBV capsid antigen by indirect immunofluorescence in both patients.After 7 months of respiratory symptoms one patient was successfully treated with a 10 day course of intravenous ganciclovir followed by oral acyclovir for 20 days. The other patient became symptom free after 3.5 months of respiratory symptoms, without any specific antiviral medication. During a follow-up of 2 and 1.5 yrs, respectively, both infants remained symptom free and showed normal physical development. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 803±806.

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Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the lungs of children who had died from sudden infant death syndrome and other causes.

Cited by 73 publications

References 14 publications

Vaccination Strategies for Mucosal Immune Responses

Vaccination Strategies for Mucosal Immune Responses

Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Is Not Present in the Normal Adult Lung but in Different Diseases

Chronic interstitial lung disease due to Epstein-Barr virus infection in two infants

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