Brote de viruela del búfalo en ganados de búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) lecheras de Aurangabad (India)

Singh, Rajendra K.; Hosamani, M.; Balamurugan, V.; Satheesh, C. C.; Shingal, K. R.; Tatwarti, S. B.; Bambal, Rajendra Gulabrao; Ramteke, V.G.; Yadav, M. P.

doi:10.20506/rst.25.3.1708

Cited by 41 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Buffalopox virus resembles VACV in terms of its size, shape, structure, physico-chemical properties, and autonomous replication in "viroplasm zones" [6,12]. Buffalopox virus replicates in a wide range of cells [13][14][15][16][17]. Cell cultures of bovine and monkey origins are most frequently used for virus propagation, accompanied by a cytopathic effect (cpe).…”

Section: Virus Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emergence of BPXV occurred by gradual adaptation of the vaccine strain in buffaloes [26] until it converted to pathogenic, leading to outbreaks in this new host. Consequently, buffalopox outbreaks occurred frequently in many parts of India, affecting both buffaloes [10,17,27] and humans [10,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Reports on zoonotic outbreaks of buffalopox have been made from Pakistan as well [14,36].…”

Section: Epidemiology Host Range and Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans in close contact with affected animals can get infected by the virus. In humans, infection with BPXV was manifested as pox lesions in the flexor aspect of distal forearms, in the hand, dorsae of hands, wrist fingers, and thumbs, right preauricular area, right angle of mandible, right ala of nose, and forehead with or without swelling of the regional lymph nodes, general malaise, and fever [8,10,17,29,35,50].…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other OPXVs, BPXV can be isolated from the lesion scabs of animals and humans by inoculation in embryonated chicken eggs as well as in a number of cell lines including chick embryo fibroblast cells, pup kidney cells, Vero cells and baby hamster kidney cells [13][14][15][16][17]. Cytopathic effects can be observed in 3-4 days.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emergence of a pathogenic OPXV, which can spread efficiently from human-to-human, should be considered an immediate public health risk [63][64][65]. Together with the current pandemic of SARS-COV2/COVID 19, BPXV infections in India [10,17,28] illustrate how vulnerable the human population is to the emergence and re-emergence of viral pathogens from unsuspected sources. A deep understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, that control the species tropism of poxviruses in non-evolutionary hosts is of utmost importance [26].…”

Section: Future Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buffalopox Virus: An Emerging Virus in Livestock and Humans

et al. 2020

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Buffalopox virus (BPXV) is the cause of buffalopox, which was recognized by the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Zoonosis as an important zoonotic disease. Buffalopox was first described in India, later in other countries, and has become an emerging contagious viral zoonotic disease infecting milkers with high morbidity among affected domestic buffalo and cattle. BPXV is a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus and a close variant of the vaccinia virus (VACV). Recent genome data show that BPXV shares a most recent common ancestor of VACV Lister strain, which had been used for inoculating buffalo calves to produce a Smallpox vaccine. Over time, VACV evolved into BPXV by establishing itself in buffaloes to be increasingly pathogenic to this host and to make infections in cattle and humans. Together with the current pandemic of SARS-COV2/COVID 19, BPXV infections illustrate how vulnerable the human population is to the emergence and re-emergence of viral pathogens from unsuspected sources. In view that majority of the world population are not vaccinated against smallpox and are most vulnerable in the event of its re-emergence, reviewing and understanding the biology of vaccinia-like viruses are necessary for developing a new generation of safer smallpox vaccines in the smallpox-free world.

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Section: Virus Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiology Host Range and Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buffalopox Virus: An Emerging Virus in Livestock and Humans

et al. 2020

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Rapid detection of Orthopoxvirus by semi‐nested PCR directly from clinical specimens: A useful alternative for routine laboratories

Abrahão

Drumond

Trindade

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

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Orthopoxvirus (OPV) has been associated with worldwide exanthematic outbreaks, which have resulted in serious economic losses as well as impact on public health. Although the current classical and molecular methods are useful for the diagnosis of OPV, they are largely inaccessible to unsophisticated clinical laboratories. The major reason for the inaccessibility is that they require both virus isolation and DNA manipulation. In this report, a rapid, sensitive and low-cost semi-nested PCR method is described for the detection of OPV DNA directly from clinical specimens. A set of primers was designed to amplify the conserved OPV vgf gene. The most useful thermal and chemical conditions were selected and minimum non-inhibitory dilutions were determined. More than 100 Brazilian Vaccinia virus (VACV) field clinical specimens were tested using this semi-nested PCR in order to confirm its applicability. Cowpox virus was also detected by PCR from the ear scabs of scarified Balb/c mice. In addition, the method was highly sensitive for the detection of VACV DNA in murine blood and excreta, which are among the suggested reservoirs of OPV. Together, these data suggest that semi-nested PCR can be used for initial screening for OPV and as a routine diagnostic laboratory method.

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