Brote epidémico de neumonía por Coxiella burnetii

García‐Clemente, Marta; Seco-García, Ana José; Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Margarita; Romero-Álvarez, Pedro; Fernández-Bustamante, Julio; Rodríguez-Pérez, Mercedes

doi:10.1157/13099370

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, the prevalence of previous chronic diseases was also higher in our series, in which 20 patients (51%) had at least one chronic disease. In contrast, previous studies reported a comorbidity prevalence of around 20% [ 32 , 35 , 36 ], which may have contributed to a less severe disease profile and a lower mortality rate. Lastly, our series included patients who required hospitalisation in 95% of cases, which implies a greater severity and a higher risk of complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Q fever in Spain: Description of a new series, and systematic review

Alende-Castro¹,

Macía-Rodríguez

Novo-Veleiro³

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundForms of presentation of Q fever vary widely across Spain, with differences between the north and south. In the absence of reported case series from Galicia (north-west Spain), this study sought to describe a Q-fever case series in this region for the first time, and conduct a systematic review to analyse all available data on the disease in Spain.MethodsPatients with positive serum antibodies to Coxiella burnetii from a single institution over a 5-year period (January 2011-December 2015) were included. Patients with phase II titres above 1/128 (or documented seroconversion) and compatible clinical criterial were considered as having Q fever. Patients with clinical suspicion of chronic Q-fever and IgG antibodies to phase I-antigen of over 1/1024, or persistently high levels six months after treatment were considered to be cases of probable chronic Q-fever. Systematic review: We conducted a search of the Pubmed/Medline database using the terms: Q Fever OR Coxiella burnetii AND Spain. Our search yielded a total of 318 studies: 244 were excluded because they failed to match the main criteria, and 41 were discarded due to methodological problems, incomplete information or duplication. Finally, 33 studies were included.ResultsA total of 155 patients, all of them from Galicia, with positive serological determination were located during the study period; 116 (75%) were deemed to be serologically positive patients without Q fever and the remaining 39 (25%) were diagnosed with Q fever. A potential exposure risk was found in 2 patients (5%). The most frequent form of presentation was pneumonia (87%), followed by isolated fever (5%), diarrhoea (5%) and endocarditis (3%). The main symptoms were headache (100%), cough (77%) and fever (69%). A trend to a paucisymptomatic illness was observed in women. Hospital admission was required in 37 cases, and 6 patients died while in hospital. Only 2 patients developed chronic Q-fever. Systematic review: Most cases were sporadic, mainly presented during the winter and spring, as pneumonia in 37%, hepatitis in 31% and isolated fever in 29.6% of patients. In the north of Spain, 71% of patients had pneumonia, 13.2% isolated fever and 13% hepatitis. In the central and southern areas, isolated fever was the most frequent form of presentation (40%), followed by hepatitis (38.4%) and pneumonia (17.6%). Only 31.7% of patients reported risk factors, and an urban-environment was the most frequent place of origin. Overall mortality was 0.9%, and the percentage of patients with chronic forms of Q-fever was 2%.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report on a Q-fever case series in Galicia. It shows that in this region, the disease affects the elderly population -even in the absence of risk factors- and is linked to a higher mortality than reported by previous studies. While pneumonia is the most frequent form of presentation in the north of the country, isolated fever and hepatitis tend to be more frequent in the central and southern areas. In Spain, 32% of Q-fever cases do not report con...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Q fever in Spain: Description of a new series, and systematic review

Alende-Castro¹,

Macía-Rodríguez

Novo-Veleiro³

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…From 1981 to 1998, more than 600 cases of Q fever were reported in Spain, most of which sporadic, except three outbreaks in 1989 (5 cases), 1990 (30 cases), and 1998 (14 cases) (112)(113)(114)(115)(116). Between 2000 and 2009, hundreds of Q fever cases were reported, most of which sporadic with an epidemic episode in the Asturias with 60 cases in 2003, and two outbreaks (16 and 22 cases, respectively) in Madrid (117)(118)(119). During the 2011-2015 period, 50 human Q fever cases were reported in Vizcaya and among 155 subjects with febrile illness from Galicia, 25% (39/155) were diagnosed with Q fever, and 6 patients died (120,121).…”

Section: Human Q Fever Epidemiology Around the Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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The "One Health" concept recognizes that human health is connected to animal health and to the ecosystems. Coxiella burnetii-induced human Q fever is one of the most widespread neglected zoonosis. The main animal reservoirs responsible for C. burnetii transmission to humans are domesticated ruminants, primarily goats, sheep, and cattle. Although studies are still too sparse to draw definitive conclusions, the most recent C. burnetii serosurvey studies conducted in herds and farms in Africa, North Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Asia highlighted that seroprevalence was strikingly higher in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) than in other ruminants. The C. burnetii seroprevalence in camel herds can reach more than 60% in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, and 70 to 80% in Algeria and Chad, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was in female camels with a previous history of abortion. Moreover, C. burnetii infection was reported in ticks of the Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma impeltatum species collected on camels. Even if dromedary camels represent <3% of the domesticated ruminants in the countries of the Mediterranean basin Southern coast, these animals play a major socioeconomic role for millions of people who live in the arid zones of Africa, Middle East, and Asia. In Chad and Somalia, camels account for about 7 and 21% of domesticated ruminants, respectively. To meet the growing consumers demand of camel meat and milk (>5 million tons/year of both raw and pasteurized milk according to the Food and Agriculture Organization) sustained by a rapid increase of population (growth rate: 2.26-3.76 per year in North Africa), dromedary camel breeding tends to increase from the Maghreb to the Arabic countries. Because of possible long-term persistence of C. burnetii in camel hump adipocytes, this pathogen could represent a threat for herds and breeding farms and ultimately for public health. Because this review highlights a hyperendemia of C. burnetii in dromedary camels, a proper screening of herds and breeding farms for C. burnetii is urgently needed in countries where camel breeding is on the rise. Moreover, the risk of C. burnetii transmission from camel to human should be further evaluated.

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“…In the northern areas of Spain, pneumonia was the predominant symptom, while in the central and southern areas, isolated fever followed by hepatitis was the most frequent clinical form. In Asturias (northern Spain), pneumonia is the main clinical presentation of Q fever [10][11][12], and a relatively high risk of exposure to C. burnetii in the population in Asturias has been reported [7,9,11]. In fact, the fatality rate associated with C. burnetii infection in the region in the period 1997-2015 (7.69 per 100) was the highest compared to other Spanish regions [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Approach: An Overview of Q Fever in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans in Asturias (Northwestern Spain)

Espí

Cerro

Oleaga

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, wild ungulates, as well as the current situation of Q fever in humans in a small region in northwestern Spain where a close contact at the wildlife–livestock–human interface exists, and information on C. burnetii infection is scarce. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii was 8.4% in sheep, 18.4% in cattle, and 24.4% in goats. Real-time PCR analysis of environmental samples collected in 25 livestock farms detected Coxiella DNA in dust and/or aerosols collected in 20 of them. Analysis of sera from 327 wild ungulates revealed lower seroprevalence than that found in domestic ruminants, with 8.4% of Iberian red deer, 7.3% chamois, 6.9% fallow deer, 5.5% European wild boar and 3.5% of roe deer harboring antibodies to C. burnetii. Exposure to the pathogen in humans was determined by IFAT analysis of 1312 blood samples collected from patients admitted at healthcare centers with Q fever compatible symptoms, such as fever and/or pneumonia. Results showed that 15.9% of the patients had IFAT titers ≥ 1/128 suggestive of probable acute infection. This study is an example of a One Health approach with medical and veterinary institutions involved in investigating zoonotic diseases.

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Brote epidémico de neumonía por Coxiella burnetii

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Q fever in Spain: Description of a new series, and systematic review

Q fever in Spain: Description of a new series, and systematic review

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

One Health Approach: An Overview of Q Fever in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans in Asturias (Northwestern Spain)

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