Brote epidémico por Salmonella richmond en Castellón, España

Abstract

A case-control study was carried out to investigate an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among a military detachment stationed in a rural area of Castellón, España. The purpose of the study was to determine the causes of the outbreak and develop control measures. Of the 153 men in the detachment, 135 were included in the study. Between 9 and 11 August 1993, 45 cases were reported; the patients' average age was 19.2 +/- 1.5 years. The attack rate was 33.3%. The clinical picture was dominated by the following symptoms: diarrhea (76%), vomiting (67%), nausea (67%), and abdominal pain (28%). The median duration of symptoms was one day, and that of the incubation period was 33 hours. Only one patient required hospitalization and all of them recovered. Salmonella richmond (6.7: and :1.2) was isolated in 5 of the 14 stool cultures performed. An association was also discovered between the illness and consumption of water from an aqueduct that flowed near the camp. A logistic regression model showed that consumption of water from this source remained associated with cases after adjusting for age and the consumption of various foods (odds ratio = 96.5; 95% confidence interval, 11.4-814.4). The risk of suffering from the illness rose with the amount of water consumed (chi 2 trend test = 65.4, P < 0.0001). Chemical and bacteriological analyses of the aqueduct water indicated the presence of fecal contamination. The aqueduct had not been subject to sanitary monitoring, even though the water was used to irrigate agricultural crops. The widespread presence in the environment of species of Salmonella was demonstrated. Health education and microbiological studies of water courses can be of great value in preventing such epidemics.

Salmonella Infection in Turtles: A Risk for Staff Involved in Wildlife Management?

“…Moreover, Salmonella ser. Richmond was responsible for an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in a military detachment in Spain, and contaminated water was identified as the source of infection [ 64 ].…”

SalmonellaInfection in Illegally Imported Spur‐Thighed Tortoises (Testudo graeca)

“…In Thailand, S. Anatum is one of the ten most common serotypes isolated from stool and blood samples of clinically ill patients affected by salmonellosis (Hendriksen et al., 2009). The serotype Richmond was the cause of an epidemic outbreak of salmonellosis in a military detachment (Pac Sa et al., 1998) and was isolated from stool samples of children hospitalized for clinical dysentery in Malaysia (Anis Shobirin et al., 2003).…”

Salmonella species in free‐living spur‐thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca) in central western Morocco

“…The presence of livestock and other domestic animals in Jbilet could be the cause of the higher number of serotypes found in tortoises in this area, compared with the protected area of R'Mila, where tortoises mainly carried serotypes commonly found in reptiles. In non‐protected areas, frequently associated with livestock, tortoises have been found to carry a wider spectrum of serotypes, including those which are frequently reported in human infections (Pac Sa and others 1998, ENTER‐NET 2001, Centers for Disease Control [cdc] 2003).…”