Brown adipose tissue and the response of new‐born rabbits to cold

Dawkins, Massey; Hull, D

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007414

Cited by 310 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Even within an environment of increasing temperature, which approximates the temperature environment of pups when in contact with the dam, stimulation attenuates a body temperature increase. These results suggest that, in addition to physiological mechanisms for increasing infant pups' body temperature, such as brown fat metabolism (Dawkins & Hull, 1964;Hull & Segall, 1965), rat pups possess a physiological mechanism to decrease body temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physical stimulation reduces the body temperature of infant rats

Sullivan

Shokrai

Leon

1988

Developmental Psychobiology

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Physical stimulation of rat pups, of the type normally received from the mother, has been shown to regulate several behavioral and physiological systems in the young. The present paper describes a possible role of physical stimulation in an additional physiological system; the thermoregulatory system. Within a thermoneutral environment, physical stimulation produces a decrease in rectal temperature (Expt. 1). Even in an environment of increasing temperature, similar to that pups experience when in contact with the dam, physical stimulation attenuates an increase in rectal temperature (Expt. 2). The physiological mechanism of heat loss appears to involve ventilatory heat exchange resulting in convective and evaporative heat loss (Expts. 3, 4). Furthermore, physical stimulation continues to produce a decrease in rectal temperature throughout the preweanling period (Expt. 5). These results suggest that pups may not always have to resort to behavioral thermoregulatory mechanisms which require them to separate themselves from their mother. Rather, pups may be cooled, or at least a heat gain attenuated, by physical stimulation from the dam while maintaining contact with her.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physical stimulation reduces the body temperature of infant rats

Sullivan

Shokrai

Leon

1988

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Glycerol kinase activity is too low to allow phosphorylation of glycerol liberated during heat production by the catecholamine-stimulated triglyceride lipase action [30 -321. In the brown adipose tissue of the rabbit, for example, the enzyme was not detectable by present techniques [1,33]. In addition, there was almost negligible metabolism of labelled glycerol in hamster brown adipocytes (unpublished results of 0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol‐3‐Phosphate Shuttle and Its Function in Intermediary Metabolism of Hamster Brown‐Adipose Tissue

Houštěk¹,

Cannon

Lindberg

1975

European Journal of Biochemistry

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1. Brown adipose tissue of the hamster possesses high specific activities of soluble, cytoplasmic NAD-linked, as well as mitochondrial flavin-coupled, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. The ratio of the two enzyme activities is high (close to l), when compared with other tissues of the hamster.2. In the presence of rotenone, NADH is oxidised very poorly by homogenates of brown adipose tissue. A high rate of oxidation is obtained upon further addition of dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which itself is negligible oxidised. When followed fluorimetrically glycerol 3-phosphate can also be observed to induce NADH oxidation, but only after a significant lag time. Similar results are obtained with isolated mitochondria + high-speed supernatant. With high-speed supernatant alone, only dihydroxyacetone phosphate has any effect, whereas with isolated mitochondria neither dihydroxyacetone phosphate nor glycerol 3-phosphate induce any NADH disappearance. 5. In isolated brown adipocytes in the presence of rotenone, norepinephrine significantly inhibits respiration induced by glycerol 3-phosphate.6. The results obtained are discussed with respect to the role of glycerol 3-phosphate as an electron sink for cytosolic reducing equivalents to maintain a low level of extramitochondrial NADH. A means of maintaining a level of glycerol 3-phosphate adequate for triglyceride synthesis is also considered.

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“…As is widely believed, the most important biochemical characteristic of the brown fat is that, when the heat production starts, the hydrolysis of the triglyceride of fat droplets stored in the cells into glycerol and fatty acid proceeds (DAWKINS and HULL, 1964). In contrast to glycerol which passes into the blood stream, hardly any fatty acid is released from fat cells and for the most part is oxidized within the cells to produce heat (HULL and HARDMAN, 1970).…”

Section: Morphologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%