Brown and Beige Fat: Physiological Roles beyond Heat Generation

Kajimura, Shingo; Spiegelman, Bruce M.; Seale, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.007

Cited by 819 publications

(778 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…conclusions regarding the similarities and differences between brown and beige adipocytes (Harms and Seale, 2013;Kajimura et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2017b;Waldén et al, 2012). The development and function of BAT has been discussed extensively elsewhere Kajimura et al, 2015), therefore, here, we focus on the developmental and functional heterogeneity of WAT depots and white adipocyte populations.…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Schoettl

Fischer

Ussar

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

177

139

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Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.

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Section: Adipose Tissue Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Schoettl

Fischer

Ussar

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

177

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Adipocytes comprise three subtypes: white adipocytes, brown adipocytes and inducible brown-like adipocytes found interspersed in WAT depots (Kajimura et al, 2015;Wang and Seale, 2016). The latter are most commonly referred to as brite (brown-in-white adipocytes) or beige adipocytes (Klingenspor et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-adrenergic control of lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues

Braun

Oeckl

Westermeier

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The enormous plasticity of adipose tissues, to rapidly adapt to altered physiological states of energy demand, is under neuronal and endocrine control. In energy balance, lipolysis of triacylglycerols and re-esterification of free fatty acids are opposing processes operating in parallel at identical rates, thus allowing a more dynamic transition from anabolism to catabolism, and vice versa. In response to alterations in the state of energy balance, one of the two processes predominates, enabling the efficient mobilization or storage of energy in a negative or positive energy balance, respectively. The release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system activates lipolysis in a depot-specific manner by initiating the canonical adrenergic receptor-G s -protein-adenylyl cyclase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A pathway, targeting proteins of the lipolytic machinery associated with the interface of the lipid droplets. In brown and brite adipocytes, lipolysis stimulated by this signaling pathway is a prerequisite for the activation of non-shivering thermogenesis. Free fatty acids released by lipolysis are direct activators of uncoupling protein 1-mediated leak respiration. Thus, pro-and anti-lipolytic mediators are bona fide modulators of thermogenesis in brown and brite adipocytes. In this Review, we discuss adrenergic and non-adrenergic mechanisms controlling lipolysis and thermogenesis and provide a comprehensive overview of pro-and anti-lipolytic mediators.

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“…Brown adipose tissue aids with acclimatization to cold through its unique ability to generate heat by uncoupling cellular respiration from mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. [4][5][6] Based on findings from studies involving animals and humans, the effects of brown adipose tissue activation extend beyond thermogenesis, by influencing whole-body metabolism and possibly overall body weight. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Small intervention trials involving humans have suggested that even mild exposure to ambient cold -such as lowering a thermostat from 24°C to 19°C -can increase activity of brown adipose tissue by 30%-40%, resulting in substantial improvements in insulin sensitivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of environmental temperature on risk of gestational diabetes

Booth

Luo

Park

et al. 2017

CMAJ

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The impact of climate variability on health has become increasingly relevant given the global rise in air temperatures over the past century.1,2 Extreme weather patterns can adversely influence health -directly, as in the case of hyperor hypothermia -and indirectly, by triggering respiratory exacerbations, infectious outbreaks, water-borne diseases and injuries. However, there is also growing evidence supporting a link between air temperature, metabolic function and energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue aids with acclimatization to cold through its unique ability to generate heat by uncoupling cellular respiration from mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis.4-6 Based on findings from studies involving animals and humans, the effects of brown adipose tissue activation extend beyond thermogenesis, by influencing whole-body metabolism and possibly overall body weight.7-18 Small intervention trials involving humans have suggested that even mild exposure to ambient cold -such as lowering a thermostat from 24°C to 19°C -can increase activity of brown adipose tissue by 30%-40%, resulting in substantial improvements in insulin sensitivity. [15][16][17][18] In theory, greater insulin sensitivity should improve glucose handling, but whole-population studies evaluating the potential for cold exposure to reduce glucose mishandling are lacking.We examined the impact of variation in outdoor air temperature on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, a transient form of diabetes arising by midpregnancy. Placental hormones lead to a temporary state of insulin resistance, starting in the second trimester of pregnancy and continuing until delivery.19 Gestational diabetes mellitus arises when the compensatory increase in insulin production fails to maintain normal blood glucose levels. This condition affects more than 15 million pregnancies worldwide each year 20 and can have serious consequences for mother, baby and the delivery process. [21][22][23] Hence, gestational diabetes mellitus offers an opportunity to study the short-term effect of ambient outdoor temperature on human metabolism. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cold-induced thermogenesis is known to improve insulin sensitivity, which may become increasingly relevant in the face of global warming. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between outdoor air temperature and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Brown and Beige Fat: Physiological Roles beyond Heat Generation

Cited by 819 publications

References 162 publications

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Non-adrenergic control of lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues

Influence of environmental temperature on risk of gestational diabetes

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