Browning of Dextrates in Solid-Solid mixtures Containing Dextroamphetamine Sulfate

Glycosylation of aromatic amines II: Kinetics and mechanisms of the hydrolytic reaction between kynurenine and glucose

“…Although numerous examples of pharmaceutically relevant compounds reacting with reducing sugars have been reported in the recent literature,11–18 mechanistic studies involving reducing sugars and weakly basic aromatic amines (p K a 1–3) have not been extensively studied. In general, aliphatic and aromatic amines react with the reactive carbonyls of reducing sugars to form imines (acyclic form), which exist in equilibrium with the glycosylamines (reduced cyclic form) 19, 20.…”

Effect of Milling and Compression on the Solid-State Maillard Reaction

“…Moisture, acidity, and the molecular structure of the amine also have great influence on the rate of the reaction. [11][12][13] Although the Maillard reaction is a widely recognized drug-excipient interaction, [14][15][16] lactose, the reducing sugar used most widely as an excipient, is frequently used to formulate amine drugs. The database of Physicians' Desk Reference 17 gives 72 entries in which amine drugs are formulated with lactose.…”

Mass spectrometry-based structure elucidation of small molecule impurities and degradation products in pharmaceutical development

“…A recent example highlighting the importance of this research is the detection low levels of the mutagenic NDMA and NDEA impurities in tetrazole containing drugs such as valsartan [56]. Also, highly-conjugated IMP-DPRDs at levels below the identification threshold can cause discoloration of DS or DP material [57,58].…”