Browning of Epicatechin (EC) and Epigallocatechin (EGC) by Auto-Oxidation

Tan, Junfeng; Bruijn, Wouter J.C. de; Zadelhoff, Annemiek van; Zhi, Lin; Vincken, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05716

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Parallel studies conducted in vivo on subjects fed hearts of mice with BJ or vehicle for three months showed statistically significant antioxidant responses [76]. Naringenin, a polyphenol belonging to the class of flavanones and widely distributed in citrus fruits, is one of the major components of BPF [175]. In fact, this compound has been shown to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects and prevent cell proliferation in different types of cancer cells [176][177][178].…”

Section: Antioxidant Effect Of Natural Compounds On Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols

et al. 2021

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, associated with multifactorial pathophysiological components. In particular, genetic mutations, infection or inflammation, unhealthy eating habits, exposition to radiation, work stress, and/or intake of toxins have been found to contribute to the development and progression of cancer disease states. Early detection of cancer and proper treatment have been found to enhance the chances of survival and healing, but the side effects of anticancer drugs still produce detrimental responses that counteract the benefits of treatment in terms of hospitalization and survival. Recently, several natural bioactive compounds were found to possess anticancer properties, capable of killing transformed or cancerous cells without being toxic to their normal counterparts. This effect occurs when natural products are associated with conventional treatments, thereby suggesting that nutraceutical supplementation may contribute to successful anticancer therapy. This review aims to discuss the current literature on four natural bioactive extracts mostly characterized by a specific polyphenolic profile. In particular, several activities have been reported to contribute to nutraceutical support in anticancer treatment: (1) inhibition of cell proliferation, (2) antioxidant activity, and (3) anti-inflammatory activity. On the other hand, owing to their attenuation of the toxic effect of current anticancer therapies, natural antioxidants may contribute to improving the compliance of patients undergoing anticancer treatment. Thus, nutraceutical supplementation, along with current anticancer drug treatment, may be considered for better responses and compliance in patients with cancer. It should be noted, however, that when data from studies with bioactive plant preparations are discussed, it is appropriate to ensure that experiments have been conducted in accordance with accepted pharmacological research practices so as not to disclose information that is only partially correct.

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Section: Antioxidant Effect Of Natural Compounds On Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols

et al. 2021

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“…Catechin enantiomers are ubiquitous constituents of herbal medicines. The active isomer (−)-epicatechin is known for its anti-inflammatory effects by the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway [ 67 ]. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is expressed in several plants in response to damage or attack by pathogens [ 68 ].…”

Section: Sulfation Of Other Substrates By Sult1e1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Sulfotransferase (SULT1E1): Its Molecular Regulation, Polymorphisms, and Clinical Perspectives

Negishi

Lee

2021

JPM

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Estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) is a phase II enzyme that sulfates estrogens to inactivate them and regulate their homeostasis. This enzyme is also involved in the sulfation of thyroid hormones and several marketed medicines. Though the profound action of SULT1E1 in molecular/pathological biology has been extensively studied, its genetic variants and functional studies have been comparatively rarely studied. Genetic variants of this gene are associated with some diseases, especially sex-hormone-related cancers. Comprehending the role and polymorphisms of SULT1E1 is crucial to developing and integrating its clinical relevance; therefore, this study gathered and reviewed various literature studies to outline several aspects of the function, molecular regulation, and polymorphisms of SULT1E1.

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“…The browning of the hard water teas was associated with an increase in absorbance. Wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm can be used to screen for brown compounds in tea samples [26]. We chose a wavelength of 470 nm to monitor browning.…”

Section: Color and Ph Changes For Green Tea Prepared With Synthetic Freshwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxidation process of catechins in green tea infusions is referred to as autoxidation to emphasize that this process is not catalyzed by enzymes [26]. Green tea is unfermented tea.…”

Section: Chemical Stability Of Green Tea Catechinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water Hardness on Catechin and Caffeine Content in Green Tea Infusions

et al. 2021

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The health benefits of green tea are associated with its high catechin content. In scientific studies, green tea is often prepared with deionized water. However, casual consumers will simply use their local tap water, which differs in alkalinity and mineral content depending on the region. To assess the effect of water hardness on catechin and caffeine content, green tea infusions were prepared with synthetic freshwater in five different hardness levels, a sodium bicarbonate solution, a mineral salt solution, and deionized water. HPLC analysis was performed with a superficially porous pentafluorophenyl column. As water hardness increased, total catechin yield decreased. This was mostly due to the autoxidation of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and caffeine showed greater chemical stability. Autoxidation was promoted by alkaline conditions and resulted in the browning of the green tea infusions. High levels of alkaline sodium bicarbonate found in hard water can render some tap waters unsuitable for green tea preparation.

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Browning of Epicatechin (EC) and Epigallocatechin (EGC) by Auto-Oxidation

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols

Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols

Estrogen Sulfotransferase (SULT1E1): Its Molecular Regulation, Polymorphisms, and Clinical Perspectives

Effect of Water Hardness on Catechin and Caffeine Content in Green Tea Infusions

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