Brucellosis and travel

Gerada, Alessandro; Beeching, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.05.015

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Two cases acquired in Thailand have been mentioned in passing in reviews of children [25] and adult [26] travellers returning to North America and Europe respectively. Foci in China, Mongolia and Central Eurasia are well recognised but the range of other countries newly affected by brucellosis continues to expand [2], [27], [28], [29], [30]. Human infections are under-reported compared to the patchy knowledge of its increasing incidence in livestock in South Asia [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella melitensis prosthetic joint infection in a traveller returning to the UK from Thailand: Case report and review of the literature

Lewis

Folb

Kalra

et al. 2016

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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SummaryBackgroundBrucella spp. prosthetic joint infections are infrequently reported in the literature, particularly in returning travellers, and optimal treatment is unknown.MethodWe describe a prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Brucella melitensis in a traveller returning to the UK from Thailand, which we believe to be the first detailed report of brucellosis in a traveller returning from this area. The 23 patients with Brucella-related PJI reported in the literature are summarised, together with our case.ResultsThe diagnosis of Brucella-related PJI is difficult to make; only 30% of blood cultures and 75% of joint aspiration cultures were positive in the reported cases. Culture of intraoperative samples provides the best diagnostic yield. In the absence of radiological evidence of joint loosening, combination antimicrobial therapy alone may be appropriate treatment in the first instance; this was successful in 6/7 [86%] of patients, though small numbers of patients and the likelihood of reporting bias warrant caution in drawing any firm conclusions about optimal treatment. Aerosolisation of synovial fluid during joint aspiration procedures and nosocomial infection has been described.ConclusionsBrucella-related PJI should be considered in the differential of travellers returning from endemic areas with PJI, including Thailand. Personal protective equipment including fit tested filtering face piece-3 (FFP3) mask or equivalent is recommended for personnel carrying out joint aspiration when brucellosis is suspected. Travellers can reduce the risk of brucellosis by avoiding unpasteurised dairy products and animal contact (particularly on farms and abattoirs) in endemic areas and should be counselled regarding these risks as part of their pre-travel assessment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella melitensis prosthetic joint infection in a traveller returning to the UK from Thailand: Case report and review of the literature

Lewis

Folb

Kalra

et al. 2016

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…Over 500,000 human cases of brucellosis are reported worldwide every year [ 8 ], and brucellosis is also found to expand in animals and humans in the Pacific region and Asian countries, including China [ 9–11 ]. It is reported that as a class B infectious disease, human brucellosis has been endemic in more than 25 of 32 provinces or autonomous regions in mainland China [ 6 ], and a total of 448,000 cases were detected in China during 2004–2016 [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of occupational Brucella infection caused by live attenuated Brucella vaccine in a biological products company in Chongqing, China, 2020

Zhou

Huang²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The northern areas of China are traditional endemic regions for brucellosis in both animals and humans, while occasional outbreaks of brucellosis have been observed in neglected southern provinces. On 16 December 2020, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CQCDC) received a report of 15 Brucella seropositive employees in a biological products company. The CQCDC and the local health administrative department launched an investigation that included identification of cases, laboratory testing of samples, and employees’ interview to identify the cause of this incident. A case-control study was implemented to compare high-risk factors between cases and serology-negative personals. Human and animal serum samples and environmental swabs were collected for testing. A total of 61 recessive infectors were found with an infection rate of 43.57% (61/140). Fisher’s exact test showed that there were significant differences in Brucella infection rates among different post classifications ( p = 0.02), working places ( p = 0.007), and buildings ( p < 0.0001). Case-control study showed that working in vaccine production workshop was independently associated with an increased risk of infection (odds ratio ( OR ): 2.60; 95% confidence interval ( CI ): 1.31–5.19). The positive detection rate was 88.06% (59/67) for production environment and 16.67% (2/12) for external environment. The investigation indicated that close contact with biological products and aerosol were the potential transmission routes of this outbreak under the condition of insufficient personal protection and disinfection. Our study provides new epidemiological evidence for a more detailed understanding of occupational infections with live attenuated Brucella vaccine.

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“…Even if brucellosis has a history of minimal mortality, it causes many serious complications to those affected organs of the body (Pappas et al, 2006;Khan and Zahoor, 2018). These complications include endocarditis, epididymo, arthritis, the nervous system, liver, and spleen inflammation (Williams, 1973;Gerada and Beeching, 2016). Transmission of brucellosis can be through three ways including; getting undercooked meat or unpasteurized dairy products, inhalation of Brucella species, or contamination of skin wounds or mucous membranes by Brucella species (Ramin and MacPherson, 2010;CDC, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis trends in Majmaah city, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A trend of 5-year retrospective study (2016-2020)

Alharbi¹

2022

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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Brucellosis, also called Malta fever, is a contagious disease caused by Brucella species and can affect one or more organs of the body. Globally, the number of brucellosis cases in the past five years (2016-2020) is 500,000 infections per year. However, in Saudi Arabia, infections of brucellosis are extremely low in the same past five years with a range of 4,167 infections per year. Therefore, the goal of conducting this cross-sectional study is to measure the prevalence and incidence rates of brucellosis in the past five years (2016-2020) in Majmaah city in Saudi Arabia and compare these rates with national rates of brucellosis in Saudi Arabia. Data of all patients of brucellosis in King Khaled hospital for the past five years (2016-2020) were collected from the hospital’s archives. Statistical analysis system software (SAS version 9.4) was used to clean, edit, and analyze these row data. As a result, incidence rates of brucellosis in Majmaah city in the last five years has been increased and decreased similarly in the line of Saudi Arabia. In 2016, in incidence rate was 78.27 and increased to 90.15 per 100,000 population in 2018. In 2020, that rate has decreased to 62.19 per 100,000 population. This cross-sectional study concluded that brucellosis infection rates among the population of Majmaah city are consistent with brucellosis infection rates in Saudi Arabia.

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Brucellosis and travel

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Brucella melitensis prosthetic joint infection in a traveller returning to the UK from Thailand: Case report and review of the literature

Brucella melitensis prosthetic joint infection in a traveller returning to the UK from Thailand: Case report and review of the literature

Outbreak of occupational Brucella infection caused by live attenuated Brucella vaccine in a biological products company in Chongqing, China, 2020

Brucellosis trends in Majmaah city, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A trend of 5-year retrospective study (2016-2020)

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