Brucellosis: Current Status Of The Disease And Future Perspectives

Abstract

Brucellosis is a transmissible bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative coccobacillus bacteria of the genus Brucella. The disease severely hinders the livestock industry and human health. In several instances, infected animals act as carriers for the crossspecies transmission of brucellosis. Social issues, poor husbandry practices, irregularities in the marketing and movement of domestic animals, and lack of coordination between veterinary and human health services are some of the key factors responsible for the transmission and prevalence of Brucellosis. Human contact with infected domestic animals is often the transmission route of Brucellosis infection. Therefore, human brucellosis could be eradicated globally by eradicating animal brucellosis. This review describes the current status of brucellosis and the risk factors of the disease in animals and the human population. In addition, there is a further discussion of the various issues related to the control and prevention of brucellosis in domestic animals and humans.

Epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal analysis of brucellosis in Shandong province, 2015–2021

“…Brucellosis is the most important zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species comprising Gram negative, facultative, intracellular pathogens, [ 1 , 2 ]. Domestic animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, camel, buffalo and dogs serve as a reservoir hosts [ 3 ].…”

“…The main transmission routes are digestive tract, skin, and mucosal and respiratory tract contact with blood body fluids and aerosols [ 4 ]. The impact of brucellosis on human health is a major issue, it cause fever, nausea, muscular pain, abdominal pain, sweating, weakness, decreased appetite, weight loss, and liver inflammation [ 1 ]. Brucellosis not only causes huge economic losses to the society, but also threatens the human’s physical and mental health [ 5 ].…”

Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and associated risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle farmers in Hai and Meru District Councils Northern Tanzania.

“…Brucellosis is among the endemicneglected zoonotic diseases of socialeconomic importance in many regions and countries , such as Central Asia, India, Near East countries, Mexico, South and Central America, European Mediterranean countries and African countries, including Tanzania (Corbel 2006). Globally, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis ranges between 2% and 36% (Seleem et al, 2010 ;Abu Sulayman et al, 2020;Bodenham, 2020 ;Khurana et al, 2021;Holt et al, 2021;Ntivuguruzwa et al, 2020 ;Wainaina et al, 2020;Djangwani et al, 2021 ;Mengele et al, 2023). However, the disease has been eradicated in some European countries because of successful eradication and control programmes, including active surveillance coupled with test and slaughter policy and mass vaccination of domesticated animals (Seleem, Boyle, and Sriranganathan 2010).…”