Bruxism: A critical review.

Glaros, Alan G.; Rao, Stephen M.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.84.4.767

Cited by 115 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In the International Classifi cation of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), by the WHO [2] , bruxism is listed in chapter F 'Mental and Behavioral Disorders' under F45.8 'Other Somatoform Disorders'. This suggests that in the pathogenesis of SB, stress and psychosocial variables play a role, which has indeed been postulated by a number of authors [3][4][5][6][7][8] , although another study found no relationship between stress in the waking state and electromyogram (EMG) changes in sleep [9] . There is, however, a consensus that SB patients have an anxious personality and are focused on successful performance [4,[6][7][8][10][11][12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For evaluation of SB, the jaw masseter, temporalis and biventer muscles were recorded, analyzed according to the criteria of Lavigne et al [24] and plotted together with the sleep profi le and PLM measures over the 7.5 h TIB ( fi g. 3 ).…”

Section: Clinical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the 10 commandments for good sleep [28] ). No persistent effects have been obtained with relaxation strategies [3,29,30] , though some patients report an increase in well-being. Clarke and Reynolds [31] conducted a pilot study on hypnotherapy in bruxism and reported a reduction of both grinding frequency and EMG activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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On the Pharmacotherapy of Sleep Bruxism: Placebo-Controlled Polysomnographic and Psychometric Studies with Clonazepam

Saletu

Parapatics²,

Saletu³

et al. 2005

Neuropsychobiology

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Objectives: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a parasomnia defined as a stereotyped movement disorder characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep. Pathophysiologically, SB is the result of biological and psychosocial influences. Treatment comprises behavioral, orthodontic and pharmacological interventions. While benzodiazepines and muscle relaxants have been reported by clinicians to reduce bruxism-related motor activity, placebo-controlled studies are lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of clonazepam (Rivotril^®) as compared with placebo, utilizing polysomnography and psychometry. Method: Ten drug-free outpatients (6 females, 4 males), aged 46.5 ± 13.1 years, suffering from SB (ICD-10: F45.8; ICSD: 306.8) and having been treated by bite splints were included in the trial. Comorbidity was high: 7 patients presented nonorganic insomnia related to adjustment or anxiety disorders (5 patients) or depression (2 patients); all patients had a concomitant movement disorder (6 restless legs syndrome, 4 periodic leg movement disorder). After one adaptation night, patients received placebo and 1 mg clonazepam 1/2 hour before lights out in a single-blind, nonrandomized study design. Objective sleep quality was determined by polysomnography, subjective sleep and awakening quality by rating scales, objective awakening quality by psychometric tests. Clinical evaluation was based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Zung Depression (SDS) and Anxiety (SAS) Scales, the Quality of Life Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) Scale. Results: On admission, SB patients exhibited deteriorated PSQI, SAS, SDS and IRLSSG measures. As compared with placebo, 1 mg clonazepam significantly improved the mean bruxism index from 9.3 to 6.3/h of sleep. Furthermore, it significantly improved the total sleep period, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency and time awake during the total sleep period, and increased stage 2 sleep and movement time. Periodic leg movements decreased significantly, while the apnea index and apnea-hypopnea index increased marginally, but remained within normal limits. Subjective sleep quality improved as well, while in mood, performance and psychophysiology no changes were observed. Conclusion: Acute clonazepam therapy significantly improved not only the bruxism index but also objective and subjective sleep quality, with unchanged mood, performance and psychophysiological measures upon awakening, suggesting good tolerability of the drug.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Clinical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Pharmacotherapy of Sleep Bruxism: Placebo-Controlled Polysomnographic and Psychometric Studies with Clonazepam

Saletu

Parapatics²,

Saletu³

et al. 2005

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Bunlar; tümör, infeksiyon ve iltihaplı romatizma gibi hastalıklardır. Ancak bu nedenler çok nadir olarak görülmektedir 71 .…”

Section: Etiyolojiunclassified

Bruxism and Current Treatment Approaches

Eren¹,

Arıkan²,

Tamam³

et al. 2016

Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi

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Among the mastication system disorders bruxism is a parafunctional behavior that comes from psychophysiological origin. Epidemiologic studies have reported great variability of bruxism prevalence. The factors that could cause bruxism is highly controversial. There are different opinions on this issue. The etiologic factors of bruxism include stress, malnutrition, allergic and endocrinologic diseases, central nervous system disorders, genetic factors, medicines, malocclusion, and wrong dental treatment. The aim of treatment of bruxism is to prevent damage that may occur on teeth and in the temporomandibular joint and to eliminate pain. Dental treatment, physical therapy, pharmacological treatment and behavioral and cognitive therapy can be considered for this purpose of treatment. This review summarizes the etiologic factors, epidemiology, diagnosis, and current treatment approaches of patient with bruxism.

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“…16 Moreover, incidence appeared to be equally common in males and females but appears to occur more often in adults than in children. 17 Traditionally, bruxism has been treated with mouth guards to prevent dental wear; but in several cases, mouth guards can increase the risk of wear of the temporomandibular joint and myofascial pain. 6 Myofascial pain is described as a muscle hyperactivity involving facial pain related to temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), a craniofaciocervical dysfunction not completely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A treatment of neck pain related to nocturnal bruxism: a case report

Santamato

Venere

Solfrizzi

et al. 2010

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: This case report describes a patient with nocturnal bruxism and related neck pain treated with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). Clinical Features: The patient was a 27-year-old man with nocturnal bruxism and difficulty in active mouth opening and chewing and neck pain at rest. His numeric pain score was 7 of 10. Surface electromyography of the temporalis and masseter muscles showed typical signs of hyperactivity, characterized by compound muscle action potential amplitude alterations. Intervention and Outcome: After clinical evaluation, he was treated with BTX-A to reduce masseter and temporalis muscle hyperactivity. After 3 days of treatment with BTX-A, with each masseter muscle injected with a dose of about 40 mouse units with a dilution of 1 mL and with temporal muscle bilaterally injected with 25 mouse units with the same dilution, a decrease in bruxism symptoms was reported. Neck pain also decreased after the first treatment (visual analog scale of 2/10) and then resolved completely. After 4 weeks, electromyography showed the reduction of muscle hyperactivity with a decrease in the amplitude of the motor action potential. The same reduction in signs and symptoms was still present at assessment 3 months posttreatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that BTX-A may be a therapeutic option for the treatment of bruxism and related disorders.

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Bruxism: A critical review.

Cited by 115 publications

References 76 publications

On the Pharmacotherapy of Sleep Bruxism: Placebo-Controlled Polysomnographic and Psychometric Studies with Clonazepam

On the Pharmacotherapy of Sleep Bruxism: Placebo-Controlled Polysomnographic and Psychometric Studies with Clonazepam

Bruxism and Current Treatment Approaches

Effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A treatment of neck pain related to nocturnal bruxism: a case report

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