Bryozoan-dominated benthos of Otago shelf, New Zealand: its associated fauna, environmental setting and anthropogenic threats

Wood, Anna C. L.; Probert, P. Keith

doi:10.1080/03036758.2012.756819

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Bryozoans represent good candidates for testing the effects of global changes, including OA and global warming (GW), as they are bioindicators (i.e. organisms that are able to respond to environmental changes via physiological and morphological alterations) (McKinney & Jackson, ) as well as bioconstructional organisms (Cocito et al ., ; Wood et al ., ; Wood & Probert, ), exhibit a range of skeletal mineralogies (Smith et al ., ), and have an extensive fossil record (Taylor, ).…”

Section: The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralization in bryozoans: present, past and future

2014

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Many animal phyla have the physiological ability to produce biomineralized skeletons with functional roles that have been shaped by natural selection for more than 500 million years. Among these are bryozoans, a moderately diverse phylum of aquatic invertebrates with a rich fossil record and importance today as bioconstructors in some shallow-water marine habitats. Biomineralizational patterns and, especially, processes are poorly understood in bryozoans but are conventionally believed to be similar to those of the related lophotrochozoan phyla Brachiopoda and Mollusca. However, bryozoan skeletons are more intricate than those of these two phyla. Calcareous skeletons have been acquired independently in two bryozoan clades - Stenolaemata in the Ordovician and Cheilostomata in the Jurassic - providing an evolutionary replicate. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomineralization in bryozoans and focuses on their skeletal ultrastructures, mineralogy and chemistry, the roles of organic components, the evolutionary history of bimineralization in bryozoans with respect to changes in seawater chemistry, and the impact of contemporary global changes, especially ocean acidification, on bryozoan skeletons. Bryozoan skeletons are constructed from three different wall types (exterior, interior and compound) differing in the presence/absence and location of organic cuticular layers. Skeletal ultrastructures can be classified into wall-parallel (i.e. laminated) and wall-perpendicular (i.e. prismatic) fabrics, the latter apparently found in only one of the two biomineralizing clades (Cheilostomata), which is also the only clade to biomineralize aragonite. A plethora of ultrastructural fabrics can be recognized and most occur in combination with other fabrics to constitute a fabric suite. The proportion of aragonitic and bimineralic bryozoans, as well as the Mg content of bryozoan skeletons, show a latitudinal increase into the warmer waters of the tropics. Responses of bryozoan mineralogy and skeletal thickness to oscillations between calcite and aragonite seas through geological time are equivocal. Field and laboratory studies of living bryozoans have shown that predicted future changes in pH (ocean acidification) combined with global warming are likely to have detrimental effects on calcification, growth rate and production of polymorphic zooids for defence and reproduction, although some species exhibit reasonable levels of resilience. Some key questions about bryozoan biomineralization that need to be addressed are identified.

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Section: The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralization in bryozoans: present, past and future

2014

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“…Trace elements can decrease collagen synthesis (Bhatnager and Hussain, ), act as a protoplasmic poison (Luh et al, ), and cause pathological bone changes, leading to altered structural integrity of bones (Iguchi and Sano, ). High levels of trace metals have been shown in waters around New Zealand (Wood and Probert, ; Adkins et al, ; Sadhu et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Record of Incidences of Ankylosis in Seven Triplefin Fishes (Pisces: Tripterygiidae) from New Zealand

Jawad

2017

The Anatomical Record

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Different cases of vertebral ankylosis were examined in seven tripterygiid species obtained from waters around New Zealand. The skeletal deformities observed are located in the caudal region of the vertebral column. Those occurred in Forsterygion nigripenne, Matanui bathytaton and in one specimen of Ruanoho whero were severe cases. The mechanism of the formation of vertebral ankylosis and the causes behind such anomaly were discussed. Further studies are needed to relate specific pollutants with the observed types of deformities. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:39-45, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Several groups of marine plants and animals, such as sea grasses (Boström et al, 2006), sponges , polychaetes (Smith et al, 2005;Desroy et al, 2011), oysters (Beck et al, 2011), and heavily calcified bryozoans (Wood et al, 2012;Lombardi et al, 2014), form habitats for numerous marine organisms, from foraminiferans and polychaetes (Stebbing, 1971;McKinney & Jaklin, 2000;Cocito et al, 2002) to larger organisms such as sponges, hydroids, and bryozoans (Jones & Lockhart, 2011). Studies of bryozoan-generated habitats are few and fairly site-specific, while the ecology of these bryozoans is still poorly known (Wood & Probert, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrofauna associated with a recently described bryozoan species in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt

Elsayed

Dorgham

2019

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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The bryozoan Calyptotheca alexandriensis was recorded for the first time two years ago as a new species from the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. Knowledge about the ecology of this bryozoan and the associated fauna is completely lacking. The present study is the attempt to identify the fauna associated with this bryozoan species, through approximately bimonthly sampling from October 2017 to August 2018. A total of 43 animal species were associated with the colonies of C. alexandriensis, belonging to nine taxonomic groups, including polychaetes (21 species), crustaceans (13 species), molluscs (3 species), ascidians, bryozoans, cnidarians, echinoderms, sipunculids, and sponges (one species each). Juvenile shrimps, fish larvae and eggs of different animals were also found. The numerical abundance of the associated fauna fluctuated between 1279.3 individuals/kg in winter to 3041 individuals/kg in autumn. Crustaceans were the most abundant group, constituting 90.5% of the total associated fauna, mainly due to the amphipod Elasmopus pectenicrus (75.4%), beside other crustaceans like Jassa marmorata (6.2) and Apohyale perieri (3.7%). In contrast, polychaetes were markedly less abundant, forming 7.9% of the associated fauna, with the dominance of Pseudonereis anomala (3.5%). Spring and summer communities were more diverse (30-32 species) than the autumn and winter communities (16 and 25 species, respectively). The Shannon diversity index presented low diversity of the associated fauna, varying seasonally between 0.56 in summer and 1.6 in winter, with evenness fluctuating from 0.16 in summer to 0.50 in winter.

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Bryozoan-dominated benthos of Otago shelf, New Zealand: its associated fauna, environmental setting and anthropogenic threats

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

Biomineralization in bryozoans: present, past and future

Biomineralization in bryozoans: present, past and future

The First Record of Incidences of Ankylosis in Seven Triplefin Fishes (Pisces: Tripterygiidae) from New Zealand

Macrofauna associated with a recently described bryozoan species in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt

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