BSD Extent, an Index for Metal Pollution Screening Based on the Metal Content within Digestive Cell Lysosomes of Mussels as Determined by Autometallography

Soto, Manu; Marigómez, Ionan

doi:10.1006/eesa.1997.1535

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Numerous studies in invertebrates over the past 25 years have proven that lysosomes of the digestive gland accumulate and respond to various classes of pollutants, including organochlorines, PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals such as Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, and organometals such as tri-n-butyltin. For example, the effects of the heavy metals Cu, Cd, HG, and Zn and radionucleotides (uranium 238, plutonium 239, and americium 241) on lysosomes (e.g., accumulation of neutral lipids, reduced membrane stability, and augmented lipofuscin) were validated as biomarkers for pollutants versus other biomarkers of general stress, such as heat, salinity, and ultraviolet light, in field and laboratory studies in various species of invertebrates [52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Morphological Changes of Lysosomes as Prognostic Biomarkers of Toxic Liver Injury in a Marine Flatfish (Platichthys Flesus (L.))

Köhler¹,

Wahl²,

Söffker³

2002

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Lysosomes are cell organelles in which macromolecules are recycled and that protect cells against toxins. In the present study, we apply histopathological and histochemical techniques in parallel with analytical chemistry of organochlorines and heavy metals in livers, with and without histopathological lesions, of the flatfish Plathichthys flesus (L.). The fish were caught along a pollution gradient on the German North Sea coast. We analyze critically whether changes in morphology and function of lysosomes, reflecting the onset and progression of toxipathic lesions in the liver of flounder, are appropriate for the rapid application in biological-effect monitoring programs such as BEEP (European Union Project in the 5th Framework Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants in Marine Coastal Ecosystems). Livers collected from wild flounder were graded into four categories of lesions. Lysosomal stability was plotted against progressive lesions and contaminant levels in the same livers. Lysosomal membrane stability was already decreased at the onset of liver anomalies that are regarded as reversible. Reduced membrane stability also persisted in degenerative liver lesions and during carcinogenesis in liver parenchyma surrounding foci and tumors. Decreased lysosomal membrane stability coincided with increased size of lysosomes and increased lipid content during the progression toward degeneration. As predicted by the resistant-cell hypothesis, in proliferating cancer cells of adenomas and carcinomas, the highest values of membrane stability were detected. Concentrations of organochlorines such as hexachlorcyclohexane isomers, DDT metabolites, and polychlorinated biphenyls were correlated with reduced lysosomal membrane stability in noncancerous hepatocytes. On the basis of these findings, we recommend applying the lysosomal membrane stability test as an expertise-independent and rapid prognostic biomarker for toxically induced liver injury and carcinogenesis in monitoring programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Morphological Changes of Lysosomes as Prognostic Biomarkers of Toxic Liver Injury in a Marine Flatfish (Platichthys Flesus (L.))

Köhler¹,

Wahl²,

Söffker³

2002

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…The lack of significant response does appear to be related to the exposure duration, although whether the exposure duration should be shorter or longer than 4 days is not certain. The lack of responsiveness of GSH could also be connected with responses at other levels of biological organisation such as lysosomal alterations, since it is known that lysosomes in the digestive gland of mussels play a key role in metal sequestration, accumulation, and detoxification (Soto and Marigómez, 1997).…”

Section: Biomarker Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in copper bioaccumulation and biological responses in three Mytilus species

et al. 2015

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Mytilus species are important organisms in marine systems being highly abundant and widely distributed along the coast of Europe and worldwide. They are typically used in biological effects studies and have a suite of biological effects endpoints that are frequently measured and evaluated for stress effects in laboratory experiments and field monitoring programmes. Differences in bioaccumulation and biological responses of the three Mytilus species following exposure to copper (Cu) were investigated. A laboratory controlled exposure study was performed with three genetically confirmed Mytilus species; M. galloprovincialis, M. edulis and M. trossulus. Chemical bioaccumulation and biomarkers were assessed in all three Mytilus species following a 4 day and a 21 day exposure to waterborne copper concentrations (0, 10, 100 and 500μg/L). Differences in copper bioaccumulation were measured after both 4 and 21 days, which suggests some physiological differences between the species. Furthermore, differences in response for some of the biological effects endpoints were also found to occur following exposure. These differences were discussed in relation to either real physiological differences between the species or merely confounding factors relating to the species natural habitat and seasonal cycles. Overall the study demonstrated that differences in chemical bioaccumulation and biomarker responses between the Mytilus spp. occur with potential consequences for mussel exposure studies and biological effects monitoring programmes. Consequently, the study highlights the importance of identifying the correct species when using Mytilus in biological effects studies.

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“…Zinc, as well as other heavy metals, is transported from the gills via the hemolymph, either as a high molecular weight complex or in the granular amoebocytes, to the digestive gland and the kidney. In mussels, the digestive gland constitutes the main center for metabolic regulation, participating in the mechanism of homeostatic regulation, as well as in the process of detoxification of xenobiotics [36,37].…”

Section: Biological Fate Experiments: Bioaccumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel antifouling agent zinc pyrithione: determination, acute toxicity, and bioaccumulation in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

Marcheselli

Rustichelli

Mauri

2010

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Antifouling biocide zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) and its biological fate have received little attention because this compound was assumed not to be persistent in marine ecosystems. An analytical procedure was developed that has proved to be efficient and very sensitive in extracting ZnPT and its main secondary products, Zn and ionized pyrithione (PT(-)), from both seawater and biological samples, namely in the gills and digestive gland of the bioindicator species Mytilus galloprovincialis. Short-term experiments were carried out to investigate ZnPT toxicity and bioaccumulation. The effects on survival and tissue bioaccumulation of ZnPT and its secondary products were studied on adult mussels from a natural population, collected in the harbor area of Porto Santo Stefano (Italy) and exposed to sublethal doses of the biocide for up to 7 d. Zinc pyrithione was shown to be persistent in the experimental seawater in the short term. A basal level of ZnPT and ionized PT(-) was detected in the mussels, indicating that ZnPT availability in the sampling site is already high enough to induce a detectable accumulation in individuals of the native population. Zinc pyrithione rapidly accumulated in the tissues of the exposed mussels, proportionately to both exposure concentration and time, identifying the gills and digestive gland as important targets in the biological pathway of the contaminants. Even though the 7-d median lethal concentration (LC50) = 8.27 µM established here appears high with respect to reported ZnPT environmental concentrations, the results indicate that this biocide could represent a threat for marine organisms in coastal environments and that further investigations on its biological effects at sublethal doses are needed.

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BSD Extent, an Index for Metal Pollution Screening Based on the Metal Content within Digestive Cell Lysosomes of Mussels as Determined by Autometallography

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Functional and Morphological Changes of Lysosomes as Prognostic Biomarkers of Toxic Liver Injury in a Marine Flatfish (Platichthys Flesus (L.))

Functional and Morphological Changes of Lysosomes as Prognostic Biomarkers of Toxic Liver Injury in a Marine Flatfish (Platichthys Flesus (L.))

Differences in copper bioaccumulation and biological responses in three Mytilus species

Novel antifouling agent zinc pyrithione: determination, acute toxicity, and bioaccumulation in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

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